Managerial Finance & Accounting
Core Concepts
1. What is Accounting?
→ System to measure, summarize & communicate
financial info (in $$$)
→ Shows performance & position → for decisions
& forecasting
2. Users of Financial Info
Inside: Owners, Managers, Employees
Outside: Lenders, Suppliers, Customers, Govt,
Analysts, Community
3. Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position)
Snapshot at a specific date
A. Assets → Resources we control → future benefit
• Current assets (<1 yr) → Cash, Inventory,
Receivables, Prepaids
• Non-current (>1 yr) → PPE, Intangibles
B. Liabilities → Obligations from past events
• Current (<1 yr) → Payables, Short loans, Taxes
• Non-current (>1 yr) → Long loans, Pensions
C. Equity → Owners’ residual interest
→ Share capital + Reserves + Retained earnings
4. Accounting Equation (MUST always balance)
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Every transaction affects at least 2 sides!
5. Recognition Principle
→ Record only if value can be measured reliably