ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide
Culture - Answer: -social rules and expectations that you are inherited and learned -- shared wit
others and make you a part of a group
-a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept,
generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and
imitation from one generation to the next
-systems of human thought and behavior; what humans carry with them
Characteristics/aspects of culture - Answer: -learned
-shared
-symbolic
-integrated
-dynamic
Enculturation - Answer: -learned culture
-taking in another culture's idea into your own
-the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person,
another culture, etc.
Cultural relativism - Answer: -not judging other cultures
-the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of
that culture itself
Ethnocentrism - Answer: -using your own morals of your culture as a judge of other cultures
-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and
customs of one's own culture
Mechanisms of culture change - Answer: -diffusion
-acculturation
,ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide
-independent invention
Cultural diffusion - Answer: -The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group
to another
-The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities has
increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology
Acculturation - Answer: 1 : cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting
to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged
contact.
2 : the process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society from infancy.
Independent Invetion - Answer: -parallelism
-A theory that a few of the total mass of cultural traits possessed and shared by the peoples of
the world have been invented more than once.
-The theory maintains the likelihood of new ideas, such as the invention of copper and iron
working, or the erection of particular types of monumental building, were invented in more
than one place at the same or different times, opposing the theory of diffusion
Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) - Answer: -anatomically modern humans AMH
-this is us (present day humans)
-natural chin
-we evolved directly from archaic homo sapiens (200,000-50,000 years ago)
Two approaches to biological diversity - Answer: -racial classification
-explanatory approach
, ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide
Racial Classification - Answer: Race, as a social construct, is a group of people who share similar
and distinct physical characteristics
Explanatory approach - Answer: -focuses on understanding specific differences
-biological differences are real, important, and apparent to all of us
Human Biological Variation - Answer: -clines
-skin color/melanin
-Bergmann's rule
Clines - Answer: -to possess or exhibit gradient
-to lean
-describes an ecotone in which a series of biocommunities display a continuous gradient
Skin Color/Melanin - Answer: -skin color depends on many factors including reddening caused
by inflammation, the hemoglobin level in the blood, and the darkening caused by increased
deposition of the pigment melanin
-Melanin: a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people
and animals, responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight
Bergmann's Rule - Answer: -an ecogeographic principle that states that within a broadly
distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder
environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions
-EX) tall, dark, thin --> south & short, light, fat --> north
Causes of Human variation - Answer: -Two main causes: natural selection and neutrality of most
mutations
-other causes: polymorphism and exchange of genes during meiosis
Culture - Answer: -social rules and expectations that you are inherited and learned -- shared wit
others and make you a part of a group
-a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept,
generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and
imitation from one generation to the next
-systems of human thought and behavior; what humans carry with them
Characteristics/aspects of culture - Answer: -learned
-shared
-symbolic
-integrated
-dynamic
Enculturation - Answer: -learned culture
-taking in another culture's idea into your own
-the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person,
another culture, etc.
Cultural relativism - Answer: -not judging other cultures
-the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of
that culture itself
Ethnocentrism - Answer: -using your own morals of your culture as a judge of other cultures
-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and
customs of one's own culture
Mechanisms of culture change - Answer: -diffusion
-acculturation
,ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide
-independent invention
Cultural diffusion - Answer: -The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group
to another
-The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities has
increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology
Acculturation - Answer: 1 : cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting
to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged
contact.
2 : the process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society from infancy.
Independent Invetion - Answer: -parallelism
-A theory that a few of the total mass of cultural traits possessed and shared by the peoples of
the world have been invented more than once.
-The theory maintains the likelihood of new ideas, such as the invention of copper and iron
working, or the erection of particular types of monumental building, were invented in more
than one place at the same or different times, opposing the theory of diffusion
Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) - Answer: -anatomically modern humans AMH
-this is us (present day humans)
-natural chin
-we evolved directly from archaic homo sapiens (200,000-50,000 years ago)
Two approaches to biological diversity - Answer: -racial classification
-explanatory approach
, ANTH 1006 Final Exam Study Guide
Racial Classification - Answer: Race, as a social construct, is a group of people who share similar
and distinct physical characteristics
Explanatory approach - Answer: -focuses on understanding specific differences
-biological differences are real, important, and apparent to all of us
Human Biological Variation - Answer: -clines
-skin color/melanin
-Bergmann's rule
Clines - Answer: -to possess or exhibit gradient
-to lean
-describes an ecotone in which a series of biocommunities display a continuous gradient
Skin Color/Melanin - Answer: -skin color depends on many factors including reddening caused
by inflammation, the hemoglobin level in the blood, and the darkening caused by increased
deposition of the pigment melanin
-Melanin: a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people
and animals, responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight
Bergmann's Rule - Answer: -an ecogeographic principle that states that within a broadly
distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder
environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions
-EX) tall, dark, thin --> south & short, light, fat --> north
Causes of Human variation - Answer: -Two main causes: natural selection and neutrality of most
mutations
-other causes: polymorphism and exchange of genes during meiosis
