Praxis 5001 Reading
phonology - Answer: *rule system* within a language by which phonemes are sequenced,
patterned and uttered to represent meanings
*the study of speech sounds in language*
What are the steps in the revision process of writing? - Answer: Logic
Completeness
Style
Visuals
Document design
*phonological* awareness - Answer: awareness that the spoken *language can be taken apart*
in many different ways:
-sentences broken into words,
-words divided into *syllables (sis/ter)*,
-syllables divided into smaller, individual sounds *(phonemes)* such as /c/ /a/ /t/.
-words separated into *onsets and rimes* /c/ /at/.
*INCLUDES knowledge of:*
*-rhyming*
*-alliteration* (hearing similarity of sounds, as in "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers")
*-intonation*
phoneme - Answer: the smallest unit of sound in a language; does not have meaning by itself,
but when put together with other phonemes, creates a word (ex: /b/ /a/ /t/ = bat)
How letters relate to phonemes - Answer: Letters are a code of symbols that spell phonemes in
words
, Praxis 5001 Reading
decoding - Answer: translating symbols (letters) into sounds *Child is able to sound words out
by understanding letter sound correspondence*
How many phonemes are there in English? - Answer: About 40-44, depending on accents. These
are represented by the 26 letters of the alphabet and combinations of letters (th, sh, ch, etc.)
segmenting - Answer: breaking a word up into its phonemes (sounds)
onset - Answer: the first part of a syllable, before the vowel. Not all words have ____s, because
some syllables start with the vowel sound.
Ex1: c is the ____ in cat)
Ex2: at does not have an _____ because it starts with the vowel
rime - Answer: The part of a syllable that is the vowel and any consonant sounds that come
after it. Comes after the onset if the word has an onset.
Ex: "at" in cat (c is the onset here)
Ex2: "at" in at (no onset)
Ex3: "it" in it (no onset)
Ex4: "it" in sit (s is the onset here)
syllable - Answer: a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets and
rimes
closed syllable - Answer: A syllable with a short vowel, spelled with a single vowel letter ending
in one or more consonants.
Ex: DAP-ple
, Praxis 5001 Reading
HOS-tel
BEV-er-age
Vowel-Consonant-e (VCe) syllable - Answer: A syllable with a long vowel, spelled with one vowel
+ one consonant + silent e.
Ex: com-PETE
des-PITE
open syllable - Answer: A syllable that ends with in vowel and the sound is long, spelled with a
single vowel letter.
ex: PRO-gram
TA-ble
RE-cent
A-pron
RE-mem-ber
VE-hic-le
Vowel Team syllable
(including diphthongs) - Answer: Syllables with long or short vowel spellings that use two to four
letters to spell the vowel. Diphthongs ou/ow and oi/oy are included in this category.
AW-ful
TRAIN-er
con-GEAL
SPOIL-age
Vowel-r (r-controlled) syllables - Answer: A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur. Vowel pronunciation
often changes before /r/.
, Praxis 5001 Reading
in-JUR-i-ous
con-SORT
CHAR-TER
Leftovers: Odd and Schwa syllables - Answer: Usually final, unaccented syllables with odd
spellings.
dam-AGE
act-IVE
na-TION
schwa sound - Answer: -"lazy vowels" (barely need to open mouth to make this sound)
-The vowel sound in unaccented syllables and unaccented words
- ə or "ih" / "uh" sound
-can be represented by any vowel.
Examples:
a in adept/alone/sofa
e in synthesis/the/enEmy
i in decimal/stencil/pencil/estimate
o in dozen/seldom/harmony
u in medium/focus
y in vinyl/syringe
phonics - Answer: -connecting sounds to letters/letter combos
-the sounds that letters make + the letters that are used to represent sounds
phonology - Answer: *rule system* within a language by which phonemes are sequenced,
patterned and uttered to represent meanings
*the study of speech sounds in language*
What are the steps in the revision process of writing? - Answer: Logic
Completeness
Style
Visuals
Document design
*phonological* awareness - Answer: awareness that the spoken *language can be taken apart*
in many different ways:
-sentences broken into words,
-words divided into *syllables (sis/ter)*,
-syllables divided into smaller, individual sounds *(phonemes)* such as /c/ /a/ /t/.
-words separated into *onsets and rimes* /c/ /at/.
*INCLUDES knowledge of:*
*-rhyming*
*-alliteration* (hearing similarity of sounds, as in "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers")
*-intonation*
phoneme - Answer: the smallest unit of sound in a language; does not have meaning by itself,
but when put together with other phonemes, creates a word (ex: /b/ /a/ /t/ = bat)
How letters relate to phonemes - Answer: Letters are a code of symbols that spell phonemes in
words
, Praxis 5001 Reading
decoding - Answer: translating symbols (letters) into sounds *Child is able to sound words out
by understanding letter sound correspondence*
How many phonemes are there in English? - Answer: About 40-44, depending on accents. These
are represented by the 26 letters of the alphabet and combinations of letters (th, sh, ch, etc.)
segmenting - Answer: breaking a word up into its phonemes (sounds)
onset - Answer: the first part of a syllable, before the vowel. Not all words have ____s, because
some syllables start with the vowel sound.
Ex1: c is the ____ in cat)
Ex2: at does not have an _____ because it starts with the vowel
rime - Answer: The part of a syllable that is the vowel and any consonant sounds that come
after it. Comes after the onset if the word has an onset.
Ex: "at" in cat (c is the onset here)
Ex2: "at" in at (no onset)
Ex3: "it" in it (no onset)
Ex4: "it" in sit (s is the onset here)
syllable - Answer: a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets and
rimes
closed syllable - Answer: A syllable with a short vowel, spelled with a single vowel letter ending
in one or more consonants.
Ex: DAP-ple
, Praxis 5001 Reading
HOS-tel
BEV-er-age
Vowel-Consonant-e (VCe) syllable - Answer: A syllable with a long vowel, spelled with one vowel
+ one consonant + silent e.
Ex: com-PETE
des-PITE
open syllable - Answer: A syllable that ends with in vowel and the sound is long, spelled with a
single vowel letter.
ex: PRO-gram
TA-ble
RE-cent
A-pron
RE-mem-ber
VE-hic-le
Vowel Team syllable
(including diphthongs) - Answer: Syllables with long or short vowel spellings that use two to four
letters to spell the vowel. Diphthongs ou/ow and oi/oy are included in this category.
AW-ful
TRAIN-er
con-GEAL
SPOIL-age
Vowel-r (r-controlled) syllables - Answer: A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur. Vowel pronunciation
often changes before /r/.
, Praxis 5001 Reading
in-JUR-i-ous
con-SORT
CHAR-TER
Leftovers: Odd and Schwa syllables - Answer: Usually final, unaccented syllables with odd
spellings.
dam-AGE
act-IVE
na-TION
schwa sound - Answer: -"lazy vowels" (barely need to open mouth to make this sound)
-The vowel sound in unaccented syllables and unaccented words
- ə or "ih" / "uh" sound
-can be represented by any vowel.
Examples:
a in adept/alone/sofa
e in synthesis/the/enEmy
i in decimal/stencil/pencil/estimate
o in dozen/seldom/harmony
u in medium/focus
y in vinyl/syringe
phonics - Answer: -connecting sounds to letters/letter combos
-the sounds that letters make + the letters that are used to represent sounds
