BCIT 7150 Midterm EXAM QUESTIONS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
WITH ANSWERS |\
Beginning of module #1: |\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S1 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔closure of the mitral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and tricuspid valve
|\ |\
heard at beginning systole
|\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S2 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔closure of aortic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pulmonic valve |\
heard at end of systole
|\ |\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S3 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rapid filling of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle during early diastole
|\ |\ |\ |\
heard after S2
|\ |\
Heart sound: S4 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sound of atrial
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contraction against a distended ventricle |\ |\ |\ |\
heard before S1
|\ |\
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔amount of blood ejected
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with each contraction
|\ |\
mL/beat
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔HR x SV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,one will compensate for the other by increasing or decreasing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(mostly HR) |\
What can impact stroke volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Contractility, preload, afterload |\ |\
Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the volume of blood in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricles at end-diastole |\ |\
Preload is influenced by: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Venous return
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔force that the ventricles must
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pump to force blood out |\ |\ |\ |\
With increased resistance, the heart must ___________ more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forcefully to maintain normal workload - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Contract
Afterload is influenced by... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔diameter of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vessel (vascular tone), valve diameter and blood viscosity
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What implication does increased resistance of afterload have on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
O2 demand? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The heart will have to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pump harder (contractility increased) in order to force blood out
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
--> this will increase workload --> increase myocardial oxygen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
demand
,Starlings Law - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔If preload decreases, so
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
will contractility of the heart
|\ |\ |\ |\
What increases or decreases vascular tone? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|\ |\ |\
Vasoconstriction leads to a decrease/increase in afterload? -|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase
|\ |\
Vasodilation leads to a decrease/increase in afterload? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Decrease
|\ |\
What causes vasoconstriction? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔catecholamines (EPI, nor-EPI) coming from adrenal gland |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothermia
drugs
What causes vasodilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔hyperthermia
drugs
systemic infection
|\
, Contractility - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ability of the hearts
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
myofibrils to change strength |\ |\ |\
Contractility is influenced by... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔preload
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(due to Starlings law)
|\ |\ |\
SNS stimulation
|\
external factors (affects the amount of calcium used by the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
myocardial cell) |\
Contractility can be decreased by... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔inadequate O2 supply to myocardial tissue |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
negative inotropic drugs |\ |\
electrolyte imbalances |\
pre-existing medical condition (ex. previous MI) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Contractility can be increased by... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔electrolyte imbalances |\
catecholamines
positive inotropic drugs (Digitoxin)
|\ |\ |\
Coronary circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coronary artery
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
branches to... |\
Right posterior descending artery
|\ |\ |\
Right marginal artery
|\ |\
Circumflex artery |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
WITH ANSWERS |\
Beginning of module #1: |\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S1 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔closure of the mitral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and tricuspid valve
|\ |\
heard at beginning systole
|\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S2 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔closure of aortic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pulmonic valve |\
heard at end of systole
|\ |\ |\ |\
Heart sound: S3 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rapid filling of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle during early diastole
|\ |\ |\ |\
heard after S2
|\ |\
Heart sound: S4 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sound of atrial
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
contraction against a distended ventricle |\ |\ |\ |\
heard before S1
|\ |\
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔amount of blood ejected
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with each contraction
|\ |\
mL/beat
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔HR x SV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,one will compensate for the other by increasing or decreasing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(mostly HR) |\
What can impact stroke volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Contractility, preload, afterload |\ |\
Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the volume of blood in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricles at end-diastole |\ |\
Preload is influenced by: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Venous return
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔force that the ventricles must
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pump to force blood out |\ |\ |\ |\
With increased resistance, the heart must ___________ more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
forcefully to maintain normal workload - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Contract
Afterload is influenced by... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔diameter of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vessel (vascular tone), valve diameter and blood viscosity
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What implication does increased resistance of afterload have on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
O2 demand? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The heart will have to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pump harder (contractility increased) in order to force blood out
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
--> this will increase workload --> increase myocardial oxygen
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
demand
,Starlings Law - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔If preload decreases, so
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
will contractility of the heart
|\ |\ |\ |\
What increases or decreases vascular tone? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔vasoconstriction or vasodilation
|\ |\ |\
Vasoconstriction leads to a decrease/increase in afterload? -|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase
|\ |\
Vasodilation leads to a decrease/increase in afterload? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Decrease
|\ |\
What causes vasoconstriction? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔catecholamines (EPI, nor-EPI) coming from adrenal gland |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothermia
drugs
What causes vasodilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔hyperthermia
drugs
systemic infection
|\
, Contractility - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ability of the hearts
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
myofibrils to change strength |\ |\ |\
Contractility is influenced by... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔preload
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(due to Starlings law)
|\ |\ |\
SNS stimulation
|\
external factors (affects the amount of calcium used by the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
myocardial cell) |\
Contractility can be decreased by... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔inadequate O2 supply to myocardial tissue |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
negative inotropic drugs |\ |\
electrolyte imbalances |\
pre-existing medical condition (ex. previous MI) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Contractility can be increased by... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔electrolyte imbalances |\
catecholamines
positive inotropic drugs (Digitoxin)
|\ |\ |\
Coronary circulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coronary artery
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
branches to... |\
Right posterior descending artery
|\ |\ |\
Right marginal artery
|\ |\
Circumflex artery |\
