MIDTERM HMRT 411 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
3 Types of Comparative Research
Answer:
1. Descriptive Comparative Research: Focuses on comparing two or more
subjects or systems to highlight their similarities and differences.
2. Explanatory Comparative Research: Aims to explain why certain
differences or similarities exist between the systems being compared.
3. Analytical Comparative Research: Involves analyzing the causes and
effects of the differences or similarities between systems to derive
conclusions.
Provincial and Universal Benefits (with Examples)
Answer:
Provincial Benefits:
Definition: Benefits that come from comparing and contrasting one's own
system.
Examples:
o Improving local laws or systems based on the comparison with others.
o Ethnocentrism: The belief that one's own group is superior, often
seen in judgments about language, behavior, customs, race, or
ethnicity.
o Benefits: Effectiveness and efficiency in improving local systems.
Universal Benefits:
Definition: Benefits that contribute to global or mutual understanding and
cooperation.
Examples:
, o Legal Borrowing: Adopting legal documents, doctrines, or ideologies
from other nations or systems.
o Theory Building: The creation of theories that apply universally to
multiple systems.
4 International Crime Databases
Answer:
1. United Nations World Crime Surveys (UNWCS)
2. International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
3. World Health Organization (WHO)
4. Comparative Crime Data File (CCDF)
Underreporting and Reporting Patterns by Crime Type in the U.S. and
Europe
Answer:
Underreporting Rates:
o Low in the U.S.
o High in Europe
Reporting Rates by Crime Type:
o High: Car thefts
o Low: Personal theft
o Very low: Sexual assault
Reasons for underreporting by European citizens -ANSWER✔✔• Not serious
enough
• Lack of confidence in police
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
3 Types of Comparative Research
Answer:
1. Descriptive Comparative Research: Focuses on comparing two or more
subjects or systems to highlight their similarities and differences.
2. Explanatory Comparative Research: Aims to explain why certain
differences or similarities exist between the systems being compared.
3. Analytical Comparative Research: Involves analyzing the causes and
effects of the differences or similarities between systems to derive
conclusions.
Provincial and Universal Benefits (with Examples)
Answer:
Provincial Benefits:
Definition: Benefits that come from comparing and contrasting one's own
system.
Examples:
o Improving local laws or systems based on the comparison with others.
o Ethnocentrism: The belief that one's own group is superior, often
seen in judgments about language, behavior, customs, race, or
ethnicity.
o Benefits: Effectiveness and efficiency in improving local systems.
Universal Benefits:
Definition: Benefits that contribute to global or mutual understanding and
cooperation.
Examples:
, o Legal Borrowing: Adopting legal documents, doctrines, or ideologies
from other nations or systems.
o Theory Building: The creation of theories that apply universally to
multiple systems.
4 International Crime Databases
Answer:
1. United Nations World Crime Surveys (UNWCS)
2. International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
3. World Health Organization (WHO)
4. Comparative Crime Data File (CCDF)
Underreporting and Reporting Patterns by Crime Type in the U.S. and
Europe
Answer:
Underreporting Rates:
o Low in the U.S.
o High in Europe
Reporting Rates by Crime Type:
o High: Car thefts
o Low: Personal theft
o Very low: Sexual assault
Reasons for underreporting by European citizens -ANSWER✔✔• Not serious
enough
• Lack of confidence in police
