West Coast EMT Block 2 Study Guide, West Coast EMT Block #2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block
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electrical conduction of the heart - Answer: The flow of electrical current causes smooth,
coordinated heart contractions; they produce pumping action of the heart
Depolarization - Answer: electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from
positive to negative
Repolarization - Answer: the heart returns to its resting state, and the positive charge is restored
to the surface
Where do the electrical impulses begin? - Answer: Electrical impulses begin high in the atria in
the sinoatrial node, travel to the atrioventricular node and bundle of His, and then move
through the Purkinje fibers to the ventricles
Three types of muscle - Answer: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle - Answer: Voluntary muscle/Striated muscle (characteristic stripes): Movement
of the body like waving or walking/ Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton
Smooth muscle - Answer: Found within blood vessels and intestines
Cardiac muscle - Answer: found only within the heart and is able to create and conduct its own
electrical impulses
Ligaments - Answer: Connect bone to bone
Tendons - Answer: Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones
Cartilage - Answer: Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints
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Anatomy of lower airway: delivers oxygen to alveoli - Answer: Trachea (windpipe): conduit for
air entry into the lungs; divides at the carina into two main stem bronchi, right and left
Bronchioles: dilate and constrict as oxygen passes through them
Small bronchioles connect to alveoli: site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Thyroid cartilage (adam's apple): forms the anterior part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage: immediately below the thyroid
Cricothyroid membrane
Anatomy of upper airway - Answer: Nose, Mouth (Oral Cavity), Jaw (mandible), Tongue,
Pharynx, and Larynx (Voice Box)
The Larynx - Answer: Does not tolerate any foreign or liquid material and any contact will result
in a violent episode of coughing
The nose and mouth lead to the? - Answer: Oropharynx (throat)
The pharynx is composed of the? - Answer: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The nostrils lead to the? - Answer: Nasopharynx (above the roof of the mouth and soft palate)
The mouth leads to the? - Answer: oropharynx
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Two passages that are located at the bottom of the pharynx are? - Answer: the trachea
(windpipe) and the esophagus (carries food to the digestive system)
The two lungs are held in place by - Answer: trachea, arteries and veins, pulmonary ligaments
Right lung's lobes - Answer: The right lung has upper, middle, and lower lobes
Left lung's lobes - Answer: The left lung has upper and lower lobes
Anatomy of the lung - Answer:
Coronal plane - Answer: front and back
Transverse (axial) plane - Answer: Top and bottom
Saggital (lateral) - Answer: Left and right
Midsagittal (midline) - Answer: Left and right (equal halves)
Blood flow through the heart - Answer: Super Vena Cava --> Rt atrium --> Tricuspid --> Rt
ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atrium --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve
--> aorta --> Body
The right (slower pressure) side of the heart pumps blood from the body through the lungs
The left (high pressure) side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
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#2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
Arteries - Answer: carry blood away from the heart
Veins - Answer: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
Central pulses - Answer: Carotid artery pulse (at the upper portion of the neck)
Femoral artery pulse (in the groin)
Peripheral pulses - Answer: Radial artery pulse (at the wrist at the base of the thumb)
Brachial artery pulse (on the medial aspect of the arm, midway between the elbow and the
shoulder)
Posterior tibial artery pulse (posterior to the medial malleolus) - in the inside of the ankle)
Dorsalis pedis artery pulse (on the top of the foot)
White blood cells - Answer: Fights infection
Red blood cells (hemoglobin) - Answer: transports oxygen
Plasma - Answer: Transports carbon dioxide
Plasma (water) - Answer: transports wastes and nutrients
#2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
electrical conduction of the heart - Answer: The flow of electrical current causes smooth,
coordinated heart contractions; they produce pumping action of the heart
Depolarization - Answer: electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from
positive to negative
Repolarization - Answer: the heart returns to its resting state, and the positive charge is restored
to the surface
Where do the electrical impulses begin? - Answer: Electrical impulses begin high in the atria in
the sinoatrial node, travel to the atrioventricular node and bundle of His, and then move
through the Purkinje fibers to the ventricles
Three types of muscle - Answer: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle - Answer: Voluntary muscle/Striated muscle (characteristic stripes): Movement
of the body like waving or walking/ Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton
Smooth muscle - Answer: Found within blood vessels and intestines
Cardiac muscle - Answer: found only within the heart and is able to create and conduct its own
electrical impulses
Ligaments - Answer: Connect bone to bone
Tendons - Answer: Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones
Cartilage - Answer: Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints
,West Coast EMT Block 2 Study Guide, West Coast EMT Block #2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block
#2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
Anatomy of lower airway: delivers oxygen to alveoli - Answer: Trachea (windpipe): conduit for
air entry into the lungs; divides at the carina into two main stem bronchi, right and left
Bronchioles: dilate and constrict as oxygen passes through them
Small bronchioles connect to alveoli: site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Thyroid cartilage (adam's apple): forms the anterior part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage: immediately below the thyroid
Cricothyroid membrane
Anatomy of upper airway - Answer: Nose, Mouth (Oral Cavity), Jaw (mandible), Tongue,
Pharynx, and Larynx (Voice Box)
The Larynx - Answer: Does not tolerate any foreign or liquid material and any contact will result
in a violent episode of coughing
The nose and mouth lead to the? - Answer: Oropharynx (throat)
The pharynx is composed of the? - Answer: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The nostrils lead to the? - Answer: Nasopharynx (above the roof of the mouth and soft palate)
The mouth leads to the? - Answer: oropharynx
,West Coast EMT Block 2 Study Guide, West Coast EMT Block #2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block
#2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
Two passages that are located at the bottom of the pharynx are? - Answer: the trachea
(windpipe) and the esophagus (carries food to the digestive system)
The two lungs are held in place by - Answer: trachea, arteries and veins, pulmonary ligaments
Right lung's lobes - Answer: The right lung has upper, middle, and lower lobes
Left lung's lobes - Answer: The left lung has upper and lower lobes
Anatomy of the lung - Answer:
Coronal plane - Answer: front and back
Transverse (axial) plane - Answer: Top and bottom
Saggital (lateral) - Answer: Left and right
Midsagittal (midline) - Answer: Left and right (equal halves)
Blood flow through the heart - Answer: Super Vena Cava --> Rt atrium --> Tricuspid --> Rt
ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atrium --> Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve
--> aorta --> Body
The right (slower pressure) side of the heart pumps blood from the body through the lungs
The left (high pressure) side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
, West Coast EMT Block 2 Study Guide, West Coast EMT Block #2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block
#2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam, West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
Arteries - Answer: carry blood away from the heart
Veins - Answer: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
Central pulses - Answer: Carotid artery pulse (at the upper portion of the neck)
Femoral artery pulse (in the groin)
Peripheral pulses - Answer: Radial artery pulse (at the wrist at the base of the thumb)
Brachial artery pulse (on the medial aspect of the arm, midway between the elbow and the
shoulder)
Posterior tibial artery pulse (posterior to the medial malleolus) - in the inside of the ankle)
Dorsalis pedis artery pulse (on the top of the foot)
White blood cells - Answer: Fights infection
Red blood cells (hemoglobin) - Answer: transports oxygen
Plasma - Answer: Transports carbon dioxide
Plasma (water) - Answer: transports wastes and nutrients
