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NR 571 Midterm Exam – Respiratory System | Advanced Pathophysiology | Verified Questions & Answers | 2026 Study Guide

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Prepare confidently for your NR 571 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm (Respiratory System) with this verified and detailed study guide. It includes accurate questions, answers, and rationales focusing on respiratory pathophysiology, including gas exchange, ventilation-perfusion imbalance, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, ARDS, and acid-base regulation. Designed for nurse practitioner and graduate nursing students, this guide helps you master the mechanisms behind common and complex pulmonary disorders. Each question is reviewed for accuracy to strengthen your understanding and ensure exam success. A perfect resource for exam preparation, clinical review, and comprehensive learning in advanced nursing practice.

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Terms in this set (95)


harsh mid-systolic murmur @ 2nd right intercostal space/RUSB, radiates to carotid,
aortic stenosis increased w/ squatting and leaning forward., CP, tachy, SOB, dizzy, syncope, edema,
bad sleeping

, include lateral precordial narrow Q waves and left ventricular hypertrophy. The ST
EKG findings in mitral valve regurgitation
segment and T wave are often normal or nearly normal.

The '4 T's' (thrombocytopenia, timing of platelet count fall, thrombosis or other
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
sequelae, and other causes for thrombocytopenia,)

lung infection, caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. bacteria are the most
Pneumonia
common(the alveoli (inflamed and filled with fluid)

productive cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, fatigue, confusion (especially in
Characterized of PNA
older patients), fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting are s/s

under 2 or over 65, weakened immune system, smoking, chronic lung or other
Risk factors for developing pneumonia
diseases, and being hospitalized are risk factor for

is a chronic lung disease, affects lung function, develops in childhood, all ages.
Asthma
environmental and genetic factors, can cause a flare-up of symptoms (asthma attack)

characterized of asthma inflammation, mucus formation, and narrowing of airways are for

allergens (such as pollen and pet dander), irritants (such as smoke and chemicals),
triggers for asthma attacks
medicines, existing infections, and exercise may are trigger

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an airflow-limiting condition that affects the lungs, (includes both emphysema and
(COPD) chronic bronchitis

affects the alveoli, alveolar walls are broken down causing alveolar air spaces to
Emphysema become permanently and abnormally enlarged, less surface area for gas exchange,
limiting airflow.

a condition that affects the bronchi and bronchioles, the airways become narrowed
Chronic bronchitis
and blocked with mucus, limiting airflow.

smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS), pollution, and industrial or chemical fumes can
Cause of COPD
cause

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