Patterns 40-mark plans:
Social class:
Point 1 - The Underclass: welfare dependent single mothers are to
blame for rising crime rates (Murray)
Evaluation - Crisis of Masculinity: hegemonic masculinity throughout
men is to blame for rising crime rates (Connell/Messerschmidt)
Point 2 - Marxist concepts: class inequalities/selective law enforcement
between the working and ruling class are to blame for rising crime rates
(Sutherland, Chambliss, Bonger, Snider, Gordon)
Evaluation - Edgework: young people committing crime for an emotional
response/thrill is to blame (Lyng, Katz, Levin and McDevitt)
Point 3 - Strain theory: lack of opportunities leads working class to use
illegitimate means to achieve the American Dream (Merton)
Evaluation - Typifications: police deem working class individuals as the
“typical delinquent” leading them to appear to commit more crime
(Cicourel)
Gender:
Point 1 - Patriarchal control: women have fewer opportunities to
commit crimes (Heidensohn)
Evaluation - Liberation thesis: rise in female crime due to feminism;
pink collar crime (Adler), Strain theory: working class are to blame for
crime as they use illegitimate means to achieve the American Dream
(Merton)
Point 2 - Crisis of masculinity: hegemonic masculinity throughout men
leads them to commit more crime than women (Connell/Messerschmidt)
Evaluation - Ladette culture: an increase in risk behaviours among
young women, who had adopted many of the behaviours and sexual
attitudes of young men, leading them to commit more crime
(Denscombe), Edgework: young people are to blame for crime due to
seeking an emotional response/thrill (Lyng, Katz, Levin and McDevitt)
Point 3 - Chivalry thesis: women do commit crime but the CJS are lenient
and chivalrous towards them, due to their socialisation as men (Pollak)
Evaluation - The gender deal: women generally do not commit crimes
because they accept the rewards that come from conforming to social
norms (Carlen), Typifications: BME groups hold most of convictions as
police deem them as the “typical delinquent” leading them to appear to
commit more crime (Cicourel)
Ethnicity:
Social class:
Point 1 - The Underclass: welfare dependent single mothers are to
blame for rising crime rates (Murray)
Evaluation - Crisis of Masculinity: hegemonic masculinity throughout
men is to blame for rising crime rates (Connell/Messerschmidt)
Point 2 - Marxist concepts: class inequalities/selective law enforcement
between the working and ruling class are to blame for rising crime rates
(Sutherland, Chambliss, Bonger, Snider, Gordon)
Evaluation - Edgework: young people committing crime for an emotional
response/thrill is to blame (Lyng, Katz, Levin and McDevitt)
Point 3 - Strain theory: lack of opportunities leads working class to use
illegitimate means to achieve the American Dream (Merton)
Evaluation - Typifications: police deem working class individuals as the
“typical delinquent” leading them to appear to commit more crime
(Cicourel)
Gender:
Point 1 - Patriarchal control: women have fewer opportunities to
commit crimes (Heidensohn)
Evaluation - Liberation thesis: rise in female crime due to feminism;
pink collar crime (Adler), Strain theory: working class are to blame for
crime as they use illegitimate means to achieve the American Dream
(Merton)
Point 2 - Crisis of masculinity: hegemonic masculinity throughout men
leads them to commit more crime than women (Connell/Messerschmidt)
Evaluation - Ladette culture: an increase in risk behaviours among
young women, who had adopted many of the behaviours and sexual
attitudes of young men, leading them to commit more crime
(Denscombe), Edgework: young people are to blame for crime due to
seeking an emotional response/thrill (Lyng, Katz, Levin and McDevitt)
Point 3 - Chivalry thesis: women do commit crime but the CJS are lenient
and chivalrous towards them, due to their socialisation as men (Pollak)
Evaluation - The gender deal: women generally do not commit crimes
because they accept the rewards that come from conforming to social
norms (Carlen), Typifications: BME groups hold most of convictions as
police deem them as the “typical delinquent” leading them to appear to
commit more crime (Cicourel)
Ethnicity:
