CLC Exam 2026 with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers| Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
Which milk is higher in calories - hand expressed milk or pumped milk? ✔Correct answer-Hand
expressed milk
Define: Exclusive breastfeeding ✔Correct answer-Infant receives only mother's milk as its food
source, from 0-6 months
What is the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding? ✔Correct answer-galactosemia
Can infants with PKU breastfeed? ✔Correct answer-Yes, but they need formula supplementation
Define: Complementary feeding ✔Correct answer-Receiving both human milk and
solids/semisolids. From 6-23 months
9 stages of the first hour after birth ✔Correct answer-1. Birth cry
2. Relaxation
3. Awakening
4. Activity
5. Rest (interspersed throughout)
6. Crawling
7. Familiarization
8. Suckling
9. Sleeping
Is crying an early or late feeding cute? ✔Correct answer-Late
Clenched hands are a sign that baby... ✔Correct answer-... is hungry!
When is the fastest drop-off point when people stop breastfeeding? ✔Correct answer-In the first
10 days after discharge from hospital
What triggers oxytocin pathway to milk production? ✔Correct answer-1. Conditioned let-down
reflex (smell, touch, sound)
2. Nipple stretching
3. Baby hand massage
What are the two hormone pathways for milk production? ✔Correct answer-Oxytocin and
Prolactin
How does fat, protein and water content affect the frequency of feedings between different mammal
species? ✔Correct answer-High fat, high protein, low water = infrequent feeds
High water = more frequent feeds
When does Lactogenesis II start? ✔Correct answer-complete delivery of the placenta
, How does preterm milk differ from term milk? ✔Correct answer-Generally higher in protein, fat
and electrolytes
How long does preterm milk production last? ✔Correct answer-5-7 weeks
Which has higher fat content: hindmilk or foremilk? ✔Correct answer-Neither. Some say hindmilk
is highest in fat - but this is not supported by research and shouldn't be a part of counseling
Which hormone(s) drive the production of colostrum and where do they come from? ✔Correct
answer-Progesterone from the placenta
Which hormone(s) drive the production of transitional milk and where do they come from?
✔Correct answer-Progesterone - left from the placenta and is rapidly dropping
Prolactin - generally already circulating, not yet being released by nipple stimulation
Which hormone(s) drive the production of mature milk and where do they come from? ✔Correct
answer-Prolactin - comes from nipple stimulation in feeding
Describe paracellular vs transcellular pathways ✔Correct answer-Paracellular: during
progesterone-driven lactogenesis, there is free flow of blood/nutrients/etc between milk cells,
increased permeability to some drugs
Transcellular pathway: during prolactin-driven lactogenesis, milk cells are larger with no pathways
between them, which yields more safety from substances
Name 5 instances when breastmilk composition changes ✔Correct answer-1. over the course of
entire lactation experience
2. time of day (higher caloric concentration at night)
3. within a feeding
4. between feedings (sooner feedings = higher fat content)
5. baby sex (male infants are linked with 25% greater energy content)
What does "Four on Four" mean? ✔Correct answer-Baby should have at least 4 soiled diapers a
day by day 4 - in conjunction with delayed onset of lactation, less than that may indicate
breastfeeding inadequacy
What affect does pH of breastmilk have on baby? ✔Correct answer-pH of breastmilk is lower
(more acidic), which lowers pH in baby's gut and makes it less hospitable for bad bacteria
What affect does iron content in breastmilk have on baby? ✔Correct answer-Breastmilk is lower in
iron, which means less ideal environment for shigella, C.diff, salmonella
What is the bifidus factor? ✔Correct answer-Bifidus factor is a factor secreted in breast milk that
helps promote growth of good bacteria Lactobacillis bifidus and thus crowds out the bad bacteria
Answers| Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
Which milk is higher in calories - hand expressed milk or pumped milk? ✔Correct answer-Hand
expressed milk
Define: Exclusive breastfeeding ✔Correct answer-Infant receives only mother's milk as its food
source, from 0-6 months
What is the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding? ✔Correct answer-galactosemia
Can infants with PKU breastfeed? ✔Correct answer-Yes, but they need formula supplementation
Define: Complementary feeding ✔Correct answer-Receiving both human milk and
solids/semisolids. From 6-23 months
9 stages of the first hour after birth ✔Correct answer-1. Birth cry
2. Relaxation
3. Awakening
4. Activity
5. Rest (interspersed throughout)
6. Crawling
7. Familiarization
8. Suckling
9. Sleeping
Is crying an early or late feeding cute? ✔Correct answer-Late
Clenched hands are a sign that baby... ✔Correct answer-... is hungry!
When is the fastest drop-off point when people stop breastfeeding? ✔Correct answer-In the first
10 days after discharge from hospital
What triggers oxytocin pathway to milk production? ✔Correct answer-1. Conditioned let-down
reflex (smell, touch, sound)
2. Nipple stretching
3. Baby hand massage
What are the two hormone pathways for milk production? ✔Correct answer-Oxytocin and
Prolactin
How does fat, protein and water content affect the frequency of feedings between different mammal
species? ✔Correct answer-High fat, high protein, low water = infrequent feeds
High water = more frequent feeds
When does Lactogenesis II start? ✔Correct answer-complete delivery of the placenta
, How does preterm milk differ from term milk? ✔Correct answer-Generally higher in protein, fat
and electrolytes
How long does preterm milk production last? ✔Correct answer-5-7 weeks
Which has higher fat content: hindmilk or foremilk? ✔Correct answer-Neither. Some say hindmilk
is highest in fat - but this is not supported by research and shouldn't be a part of counseling
Which hormone(s) drive the production of colostrum and where do they come from? ✔Correct
answer-Progesterone from the placenta
Which hormone(s) drive the production of transitional milk and where do they come from?
✔Correct answer-Progesterone - left from the placenta and is rapidly dropping
Prolactin - generally already circulating, not yet being released by nipple stimulation
Which hormone(s) drive the production of mature milk and where do they come from? ✔Correct
answer-Prolactin - comes from nipple stimulation in feeding
Describe paracellular vs transcellular pathways ✔Correct answer-Paracellular: during
progesterone-driven lactogenesis, there is free flow of blood/nutrients/etc between milk cells,
increased permeability to some drugs
Transcellular pathway: during prolactin-driven lactogenesis, milk cells are larger with no pathways
between them, which yields more safety from substances
Name 5 instances when breastmilk composition changes ✔Correct answer-1. over the course of
entire lactation experience
2. time of day (higher caloric concentration at night)
3. within a feeding
4. between feedings (sooner feedings = higher fat content)
5. baby sex (male infants are linked with 25% greater energy content)
What does "Four on Four" mean? ✔Correct answer-Baby should have at least 4 soiled diapers a
day by day 4 - in conjunction with delayed onset of lactation, less than that may indicate
breastfeeding inadequacy
What affect does pH of breastmilk have on baby? ✔Correct answer-pH of breastmilk is lower
(more acidic), which lowers pH in baby's gut and makes it less hospitable for bad bacteria
What affect does iron content in breastmilk have on baby? ✔Correct answer-Breastmilk is lower in
iron, which means less ideal environment for shigella, C.diff, salmonella
What is the bifidus factor? ✔Correct answer-Bifidus factor is a factor secreted in breast milk that
helps promote growth of good bacteria Lactobacillis bifidus and thus crowds out the bad bacteria
