PHY101-SG: Ultimate Physics Study Guide –
Mechanics, Energy, Waves & Electricity
Speed - The rate at which someone or something travels
Speed equation - Distance/time (m/s)
Vector - A quantity have direction as well as magniute
Scalar - Quantity which only has magnitude
How to find the area using a speed time graph - Find the area under the graph
Acceleration - The measure of the change of velocity of an object per unit time
Acceleration equation - Change in speed/time taken (m/s^2)
Weight - The gravitational pull of an object
-An objects weight is different on different planets consider different planets have different
masses
Gravity - Attractive forces created by the presence of mass
Weight equation - Weight (n)=Mass(kg) * gravitation field strength (m/s^2)
-Measured in newtons
What is weight measured in - Newtons
Earth gravitational field strength - 10m/s^2
Mass - The amount of stuff in an object
-An objects mass is the same at all times
What is mass measured in - Kg
,Inertia - The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion
-Varies with mass (more mass=more inertia)
Density - The quantity of mass pert unit volume
Density equation - Mass(kg)/volume(cm^3)
Calculating the density of a liquid - 1)weigh it
2)Use a measuring cylinder to measure its volume
3)perform calculations`
Calculating the density of a solid - 1)Weigh it
2)Calculate dimensions (if regular) or use eureka can (if irregular) to work out volume
3)Perform calculations
Eureka can - Container with a sprout positioned near the top
-Object is put in the container
-Objects volume is equal to the volume of the water pushed out from the sprout
Force - A push or a pull
What is force measured in - Newtons
1 netwon - The amount of force required to give a 1 kg mass an acceleration of
1m/s^2
How forces affect an object - -Shape
-motion
-Size
Force equation - Force (n)=Mass (kg) * acceleration (m/s^2)
,and
Force (n)=Mass (kg) * gravitation field strength (m/s^2)
-newtons second law
-Force acting on an object is proportional to the object s acceleration
Elastic limit - Point beyond which spring becomes permanently stretched therefore the spring
will not return to its original length when the force is removed
What happens when there is a resultant force which dictates the objects motion - -There is an
acceleration
What happens when the forces are equal and there is an equilibrium - -It will keep moving at a
constant speed
Objects at rest will stay at rest
Objects in motion will stay in motion
Pressure - For exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it
Pressure equation - Pression (p)= Force (n)/Area (m^2)
Unit for energy - Joules
Unit for power - Pascals
Principle of conservation of energy - Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be
transferred or stored
input energy=output energy
Kinetic energy equation - Kinetic energy (joules)=1/2 mass(kg)*velocity^2 (m/s)
, Gravitational potential energy equation - Gravitational potential energy (gpe)= mass (kg) *
gravitational field strength (m/s^2) * height (m)
Kinetic energy - Energy in moving objects; anything in motion has kinetic energy
eg. Person running
Ball falling of cliff
Gravitational potential energy - Stored energy in raised objects
e.g ball on top of cliff
Chemical energy - Stored energy in fuels, food or batteries.
-Stored in bonds of chemical compounds
Strain energy - Stored energy in stretched or squashed objects
Nuclear energy - Stored energy in the nuclei of atoms
Thermal energy - Energy in heated objects
Electrical energy - Energy in moving or static electric charges
Light energy - Energy of electromagnetic raditiaon
Sound energy - Energy released by vibrating objects
Renewable energy - Energy from a source that is not depleted when used
Non-renewable energy - Energy from sources that cannot be replaced when used up
Nuclear fusion - When particles fuse together to form a heavier atom
-Some mass is lost during this process (converted to energy)
Mechanics, Energy, Waves & Electricity
Speed - The rate at which someone or something travels
Speed equation - Distance/time (m/s)
Vector - A quantity have direction as well as magniute
Scalar - Quantity which only has magnitude
How to find the area using a speed time graph - Find the area under the graph
Acceleration - The measure of the change of velocity of an object per unit time
Acceleration equation - Change in speed/time taken (m/s^2)
Weight - The gravitational pull of an object
-An objects weight is different on different planets consider different planets have different
masses
Gravity - Attractive forces created by the presence of mass
Weight equation - Weight (n)=Mass(kg) * gravitation field strength (m/s^2)
-Measured in newtons
What is weight measured in - Newtons
Earth gravitational field strength - 10m/s^2
Mass - The amount of stuff in an object
-An objects mass is the same at all times
What is mass measured in - Kg
,Inertia - The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion
-Varies with mass (more mass=more inertia)
Density - The quantity of mass pert unit volume
Density equation - Mass(kg)/volume(cm^3)
Calculating the density of a liquid - 1)weigh it
2)Use a measuring cylinder to measure its volume
3)perform calculations`
Calculating the density of a solid - 1)Weigh it
2)Calculate dimensions (if regular) or use eureka can (if irregular) to work out volume
3)Perform calculations
Eureka can - Container with a sprout positioned near the top
-Object is put in the container
-Objects volume is equal to the volume of the water pushed out from the sprout
Force - A push or a pull
What is force measured in - Newtons
1 netwon - The amount of force required to give a 1 kg mass an acceleration of
1m/s^2
How forces affect an object - -Shape
-motion
-Size
Force equation - Force (n)=Mass (kg) * acceleration (m/s^2)
,and
Force (n)=Mass (kg) * gravitation field strength (m/s^2)
-newtons second law
-Force acting on an object is proportional to the object s acceleration
Elastic limit - Point beyond which spring becomes permanently stretched therefore the spring
will not return to its original length when the force is removed
What happens when there is a resultant force which dictates the objects motion - -There is an
acceleration
What happens when the forces are equal and there is an equilibrium - -It will keep moving at a
constant speed
Objects at rest will stay at rest
Objects in motion will stay in motion
Pressure - For exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it
Pressure equation - Pression (p)= Force (n)/Area (m^2)
Unit for energy - Joules
Unit for power - Pascals
Principle of conservation of energy - Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be
transferred or stored
input energy=output energy
Kinetic energy equation - Kinetic energy (joules)=1/2 mass(kg)*velocity^2 (m/s)
, Gravitational potential energy equation - Gravitational potential energy (gpe)= mass (kg) *
gravitational field strength (m/s^2) * height (m)
Kinetic energy - Energy in moving objects; anything in motion has kinetic energy
eg. Person running
Ball falling of cliff
Gravitational potential energy - Stored energy in raised objects
e.g ball on top of cliff
Chemical energy - Stored energy in fuels, food or batteries.
-Stored in bonds of chemical compounds
Strain energy - Stored energy in stretched or squashed objects
Nuclear energy - Stored energy in the nuclei of atoms
Thermal energy - Energy in heated objects
Electrical energy - Energy in moving or static electric charges
Light energy - Energy of electromagnetic raditiaon
Sound energy - Energy released by vibrating objects
Renewable energy - Energy from a source that is not depleted when used
Non-renewable energy - Energy from sources that cannot be replaced when used up
Nuclear fusion - When particles fuse together to form a heavier atom
-Some mass is lost during this process (converted to energy)
