,Table of Content nt nt
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
nt nt nt
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases .................................................................................................................. 13
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
nt nt nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
nt nt nt nt nt nt
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition....................................................................................................................................................... 48
nt nt
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
nt nt nt
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 66
nt nt
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
nt nt nt nt
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ophysiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 81
nt nt
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
nt nt nt
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
nt nt nt nt
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
nt nt
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 105
nt nt
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ................ 126
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 138
nt nt
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation.................................................................................................. 147
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 169
nt nt
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
nt nt nt nt nt
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................................... 192
nt nt
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understa
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
nding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................... 200
nt nt nt
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................................... 210
nt nt nt nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 229
nt nt
SNT
nt nt n t n t O ..................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition.......................................................................................................................................................... 236
nt nt
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
nt nt nt nt nt
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 257
nt nt
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................... 265
nt nt
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................... 273
nt nt
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pat
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
hophysiology, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................... 280
nt nt
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 286
nt nt
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 295
nt nt
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System...................................................................................... 300
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 305
nt nt
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................................................ 312
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ..................................................................................... 325
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophy
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
siology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 334
nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................. 342
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 352
nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 357
nt nt
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children............................................................................................ 366
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
nt nt nt
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
nt nt nt nt nt nt
MULTIPLE CHOICE nt
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt n
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
t nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
a. A single circular chromosome
nt nt nt
b. A nucleus nt
c. Free-floating nuclear material nt nt
d. No organelles nt
ANS: B n t
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryot
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
e contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
a. Metabolic absorption nt
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D nt
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability invol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion a
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
llows for the synthesizing of new substances.
nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt n
the genetic information be contained?
t nt nt nt nt
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm nt
ANS: C nt
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic a
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
cid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
nt nt nt nt nt nt
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
nt nt nt
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases .................................................................................................................. 13
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
nt nt nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
nt nt nt nt nt nt
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition....................................................................................................................................................... 48
nt nt
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
nt nt nt
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 66
nt nt
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
nt nt nt nt
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ophysiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 81
nt nt
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
nt nt nt
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
nt nt nt nt
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 94
nt nt
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition............................................................................................................................................................ 105
nt nt
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ................ 126
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 138
nt nt
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation.................................................................................................. 147
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 169
nt nt
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
nt nt nt nt nt
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................................... 192
nt nt
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understa
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
nding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................... 200
nt nt nt
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................................... 210
nt nt nt nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ogy, 6th Edition........................................................................................................................................................ 229
nt nt
SNT
nt nt n t n t O ..................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolo
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
gy, 6th Edition.......................................................................................................................................................... 236
nt nt
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
nt nt nt nt nt
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 257
nt nt
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................... 265
nt nt
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
y, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................................... 273
nt nt
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pat
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
hophysiology, 6th Edition ....................................................................................................................................... 280
nt nt
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 286
nt nt
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
6th Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 295
nt nt
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System...................................................................................... 300
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 305
nt nt
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................................................ 312
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ..................................................................................... 325
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophy
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
siology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 334
nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................. 342
nt nt nt nt nt
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 352
nt nt
U SN T
nt nt O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ology, 6th Edition..................................................................................................................................................... 357
nt nt
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children............................................................................................ 366
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
nt nt nt
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
nt nt nt nt nt nt
MULTIPLE CHOICE nt
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt n
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
t nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
a. A single circular chromosome
nt nt nt
b. A nucleus nt
c. Free-floating nuclear material nt nt
d. No organelles nt
ANS: B n t
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryot
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
e contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
a. Metabolic absorption nt
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D nt
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability invol
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
ves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion a
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
llows for the synthesizing of new substances.
nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt n
the genetic information be contained?
t nt nt nt nt
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm nt
ANS: C nt
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic a
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
cid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
nt nt nt nt nt nt
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt
REF: p. 2 nt nt
