ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
1. Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage:
2. Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function:
3. The Normal Cell Cycle: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and
mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular information
4. Interphase and Mitotic Phase: Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major
phases
5. During interphase:: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
6. First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap): -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
7. Synthesis Phase (S phase): -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
8. Mitotic Phase (M phase): -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new,
identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
9. Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
10. Restriction Point: -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point
where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the restriction point, or
the point of no return
11. G0 Phase (resting phase): -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting
phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
12. -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase): -Exceptions to this are
those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
13. Cell Cycling Time: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
14. Cell cycle video and image: http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/stu-
dent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
15. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control: -The cell cycle is carefully
controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic information passed
on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
16. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:: 1. cyclines
(D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
17. Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs: -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
18. Inhibitory proteins: -prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
19. DNA Damage Checkpoints: -If DNA damage is present, cells are programmed to stop dividing or
undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
20. Inhibitory proteins p53: -Levels of this IP regulate several important target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
21. M Phase Checkpoints: When the cells prepare to divide, the chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
1. Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage:
2. Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function:
3. The Normal Cell Cycle: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and
mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular information
4. Interphase and Mitotic Phase: Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major
phases
5. During interphase:: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
6. First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap): -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
7. Synthesis Phase (S phase): -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
8. Mitotic Phase (M phase): -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new,
identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
9. Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
10. Restriction Point: -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point
where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the restriction point, or
the point of no return
11. G0 Phase (resting phase): -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting
phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
12. -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase): -Exceptions to this are
those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
13. Cell Cycling Time: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
14. Cell cycle video and image: http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/stu-
dent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
15. Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control: -The cell cycle is carefully
controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic information passed
on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
, ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_89cxsm
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
16. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:: 1. cyclines
(D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
17. Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs: -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
18. Inhibitory proteins: -prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
19. DNA Damage Checkpoints: -If DNA damage is present, cells are programmed to stop dividing or
undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood inhibitory proteins (IP)
20. Inhibitory proteins p53: -Levels of this IP regulate several important target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
21. M Phase Checkpoints: When the cells prepare to divide, the chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
