Constitutional,
administration and
EU law
,Parliament &
Legislation
,Parliament
• Headed by the Sovereign, King Charles III
• Bicameral: The HOLs (Upper House) and the HOCs (Lower House) Presided over by Lord Speaker in the
and Speaker of the HOCs
• HOCs elects one of its new members as the speaker at the beginning of each parliamentary term
• If the incumbent speaker seeks a new term, the House may reelect him by passing a motion or thro
secret ballot.
• The speaker’s place may be taken by 3 deputies.
• The speaker must be politically impartial. Therefore, on election the new speaker must resign fro
political party and remain separate from political issues even in retirement. However, the speaker wil
with his constituents problems like normal.
• The speaker and his deputy speakers are expected to be non-partisan and do not cast a vote except
case of a tie.
• The lord speaker is expected to lay aside any party or group affiliation on appt and to refrain from po
activity, including voting in the HOLs
• The HOCs has the power to hold the gov to account by passing a motion of no confidence. If passed, th
either must resign or seek fresh elections. Such a motion doesn’t require passage by the HOLs of
assent.
, HOLs
• Hereditary peers are individuals who inherit their titles, traditionally passed down through f
generations. They once dominated the HOLs, but the HOLs Act 1999 significantly reduced
numbers, allowing only 90 to remain at a time. These remaining hereditary peers
replacements through a by-election process when a seat becomes vacant.
• In contrast, life peers are appointed based on their achievements in politics, business,
sciences, or public service. Their titles are not inherited and expire upon their death. Today
majority of the House of Lords consists of life peers, who are appointed by the Prime Minist
behalf of the monarch.
administration and
EU law
,Parliament &
Legislation
,Parliament
• Headed by the Sovereign, King Charles III
• Bicameral: The HOLs (Upper House) and the HOCs (Lower House) Presided over by Lord Speaker in the
and Speaker of the HOCs
• HOCs elects one of its new members as the speaker at the beginning of each parliamentary term
• If the incumbent speaker seeks a new term, the House may reelect him by passing a motion or thro
secret ballot.
• The speaker’s place may be taken by 3 deputies.
• The speaker must be politically impartial. Therefore, on election the new speaker must resign fro
political party and remain separate from political issues even in retirement. However, the speaker wil
with his constituents problems like normal.
• The speaker and his deputy speakers are expected to be non-partisan and do not cast a vote except
case of a tie.
• The lord speaker is expected to lay aside any party or group affiliation on appt and to refrain from po
activity, including voting in the HOLs
• The HOCs has the power to hold the gov to account by passing a motion of no confidence. If passed, th
either must resign or seek fresh elections. Such a motion doesn’t require passage by the HOLs of
assent.
, HOLs
• Hereditary peers are individuals who inherit their titles, traditionally passed down through f
generations. They once dominated the HOLs, but the HOLs Act 1999 significantly reduced
numbers, allowing only 90 to remain at a time. These remaining hereditary peers
replacements through a by-election process when a seat becomes vacant.
• In contrast, life peers are appointed based on their achievements in politics, business,
sciences, or public service. Their titles are not inherited and expire upon their death. Today
majority of the House of Lords consists of life peers, who are appointed by the Prime Minist
behalf of the monarch.
