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Solutions Manual For Computer Organization and Architecture 11th Edition By William Stallings, All Chapters 1-21

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Solutions Manual For Computer Organization and Architecture 11th Edition By William Stallings, All Chapters 1-21. Full Chapters Include;....I. Introduction Basic Concepts and Computer Evolution 1.1 Organization and Architecture 1.2 Structure and Function 1.3 The IAS Computer 1.4 Gates, Memory Cells, Chips, and Multichip Modules 1.5 The Evolution of the Intel x86 Architecture 1.6 Embedded Systems 1.7 ARM Architecture 1.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Performance Concepts 2.1 Designing for Performance 2.2 Multicore, MICs, and GPGPUs 2.3 Two Laws that Provide Insight: Ahmdahl’s Law and Little’s Law 2.4 Basic Measures of Computer Performance 2.5 Calculating the Mean 2.6 Benchmarks and SPEC 2.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems II. The Computer System A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 3.1 Computer Components 3.2 Computer Function 3.3 Interconnection Structures 3.4 Bus Interconnection 3.5 Point-to-Point Interconnect 3.6 PCI Express 3.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems The Memory Hierarchy: Locality and Performance 4.1 Principle of Locality 4.2 Characteristics of Memory Systems 4.3 The Memory Hierarchy 4.4 Performance Modeling of a Multilevel Memory Hierarchy 4.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Cache Memory 5.1 Cache Memory Principles 5.2 Elements of Cache Design 5.3 Intel x86 Cache Organization 5.4 The IBM z13 Cache Organization 5.5 Cache Performance Models 5.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Internal Memory 6.1 Semiconductor Main Memory 6.2 Error Correction 6.3 DDR DRAM 6.4 eDRAM 6.5 Flash Memory 6.6 Newer Nonvolatile Solid-State Memory Technologies 6.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems External Memory 7.1 Magnetic Disk 7.2 RAID 221 7.3 Solid State Drives 7.4 Optical Memory 7.5 Magnetic Tape 7.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Input/Output 8.1 External Devices 8.2 I/O Modules 8.3 Programmed I/O 8.4 Interrupt-Driven I/O 8.5 Direct Memory Access 8.6 Direct Cache Access 8.7 I/O Channels and Processors 8.8 External Interconnection Standards 8.9 IBM z13 I/O Structure 8.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Operating System Support 9.1 Operating System Overview 9.2 Scheduling 9.3 Memory Management 9.4 Intel x86 Memory Management 9.5 ARM Memory Management 9.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems III. Arithmetic and Logic Number Systems 10.1 The Decimal System 10.2 Positional Number Systems 10.3 The Binary System 10.4 Converting Between Binary and Decimal 10.5 Hexadecimal Notation 10.6 Key Terms and Problems Computer Arithmetic 11.1 The Arithmetic and Logic Unit 11.2 Integer Representation 11.3 Integer Arithmetic 11.4 Floating-Point Representation 11.5 Floating-Point Arithmetic Digital Logic 12.1 Boolean Algebra 12.2 Gates 12.3 Combinational Circuits 12.4 Sequential Circuits 12.5 Programmable Logic Devices 12.6 Key Terms and Problems IV. Instruction Sets and Assembly Language Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions 13.1 Machine Instruction Characteristics 13.2 Types of Operands 13.3 Intel x86 and ARM Data Types 13.4 Types of Operations 13.5 Intel x86 and ARM Operation Types 13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Appendix 13: A Little-, Big-, and Bi-Endian Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes and Formats 14.1 Addressing Modes 14.2 x86 and ARM Addressing Modes 14.3 Instruction Formats 14.4 x86 and ARM Instruction Formats 14.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Assembly Language and Related Topics 15.1 Assembly Language Concepts 15.2 Motivation for Assembly Language Programming 15.3 Assembly Language Elements 15.4 Examples 15.5 Types of Assemblers 15.6 Assemblers 15.7 Loading and Linking 15.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems V. The Central Processing Unit Processor Structure and Function 16.1 Processor Organization 16.2 Register Organization 16.3 Instruction Cycle 16.4 Instruction Pipelining 16.5 Processor Organization for Pipelining 16.6 The x86 Processor Family 16.7 The ARM Processor 16.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Reduced Instruction Set Computers 17.1 Instruction Execution Characteristics 17.2 The Use of a Large Register File 17.3 Compiler-Based Register Optimization 17.4 Reduced Instruction Set Architecture 17.5 RISC Pipelining 17.6 MIPS R4000 17.7 SPARC 17.8 Processor Organization for Pipelining 17.9 CISC, RISC, and Contemporary Systems 17.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Instruction-Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors 18.1 Overview 18.2 Design Issues 18.3 Intel Core Microarchitecture 18.4 ARM Cortex-A8 18.5 ARM Cortex-M3 18.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Control Unit Operation and Microprogrammed Control 19.1 Micro-operations 19.2 Control of the Processor 19.3 Hardwired Implementation 19.4 Microprogrammed Control 19.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems VI. Parallel Organization Parallel Processing 20.1 Multiple Processors Organization 20.2 Symmetric Multiprocessors 20.3 Cache Coherence and the MESI Protocol 20.4 Multithreading and Chip Multiprocessors 20.5 Clusters 20.6 Nonuniform Memory Access 20.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Multicore Computers 21.1 Hardware Performance Issues 21.2 Software Performance Issues 21.3 Multicore Organization 21.4 Heterogeneous Multicore Organization 21.5 Intel Core i7-5960X 21.6 ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore 21.7 IBM z13 Mainframe 21.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

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Institution
Computer Organization And Architecture
Module
Computer Organization and Architecture











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Institution
Computer Organization and Architecture
Module
Computer Organization and Architecture

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Uploaded on
November 6, 2025
Number of pages
86
Written in
2025/2026
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Exam (elaborations)
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Computer organization and architecture
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– 13th Edition
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TEST BANK
IA
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William Stallings
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Comprehensive Test Bank for Instructors and

Students
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© William Stallings
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All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
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©STUDYSTREAM

, TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1 Basic Concepts and Computer Evolution ....................... 5
Chapter 2 Performance Issues .................................................. 10
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Chapter 3 Computer Function and Interconnection ...................... 19
Chapter 4 Memory Hierarchy .................................................... 25
Chapter 5 Cache Memory ......................................................... 29
Chapter 6 Internal Memory ...................................................... 41
Chapter 7 External Memory...................................................... 50
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Chapter 8 Input/Output ........................................................... 56
Chapter 9 Operating System Support ........................................ 64
Chapter 10 Number Systems.................................................... 72
Chapter 11 Computer Arithmetic............................................... 74
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, CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND
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COMPUTER EVOLUTION
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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1.1 Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible
to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a
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direct impact on the logical execution of a program. Computer
organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections
that realize the architectural specifications. Examples of architectural
attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits used to
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represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O
mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational
attributes include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer, such as control signals; interfaces between the computer
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and peripherals; and the memory technology used.

1.2 Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a
computer are interrelated. Computer function refers to the operation of
each individual component as part of the structure.
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1.3 Data processing; data storage; data movement; and control.

1.4 Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the
computer and performs its data processing functions; often simply
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referred to as processor.
Main memory: Stores data.
I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.
System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common
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example of system interconnection is by means of a system bus,
consisting of a number of conducting wires to which all the other
components attach.

1.5 Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the
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computer
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computer’s data
processing functions
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU
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, CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers

1.6 In a stored program computer, programs are represented in a form
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suitable for storing in memory alongside the data. The computer gets its
instructions by reading them from memory, and a program can be set
or altered by setting the values of a portion of memory.

1.7 Moore observed that the number of transistors that could be put on a
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single chip was doubling every year and correctly predicted that this
pace would continue into the near future.

1.8 Similar or identical instruction set: In many cases, the same set of
machine instructions is supported on all members of the family. Thus, a
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program that executes on one machine will also execute on any other.
Similar or identical operating system: The same basic operating
system is available for all family members. Increasing speed: The rate
of instruction execution increases in going from lower to higher family
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members. Increasing Number of I/O ports: In going from lower to
higher family members. Increasing memory size: In going from lower
to higher family members. Increasing cost: In going from lower to
higher family members.
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1.9 In a microprocessor, all of the components of the CPU are on a single
chip.


ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
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2.1 a
Location Instruction/Value Comments
0 <> Constant (N) [initialized to some value]
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1 1 Constant; Integer value = 1
2 2 Constant; Integer value = 2
3 0 Variable Y (initialized to integer zero);
Sum(Y)
4L LOAD M(0 N → AC
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4R ADD M(1) AC + 1 → AC
5L MUL M(0) N(N+1) → AC
5R DIV M(2) AC/2 → AC
6L STOR M(3) AC → Y; saving the Sum in variable Y
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6R JUMP M(6,20:39) Done; HALT



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