ST
– 13th Edition
UV
TEST BANK
IA
_A
William Stallings
PP
RO
Comprehensive Test Bank for Instructors and
Students
VE
© William Stallings
D?
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
??
©STUDYSTREAM
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
ST
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts and Computer Evolution ....................... 5
Chapter 2 Performance Issues .................................................. 10
UV
Chapter 3 Computer Function and Interconnection ...................... 19
Chapter 4 Memory Hierarchy .................................................... 25
Chapter 5 Cache Memory ......................................................... 29
Chapter 6 Internal Memory ...................................................... 41
Chapter 7 External Memory...................................................... 50
IA
Chapter 8 Input/Output ........................................................... 56
Chapter 9 Operating System Support ........................................ 64
Chapter 10 Number Systems.................................................... 72
Chapter 11 Computer Arithmetic............................................... 74
_A
PP
RO
VE
D?
??
-4-
, CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND
ST
COMPUTER EVOLUTION
UV
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1.1 Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible
to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a
IA
direct impact on the logical execution of a program. Computer
organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections
that realize the architectural specifications. Examples of architectural
attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits used to
_A
represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O
mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational
attributes include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer, such as control signals; interfaces between the computer
PP
and peripherals; and the memory technology used.
1.2 Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a
computer are interrelated. Computer function refers to the operation of
each individual component as part of the structure.
RO
1.3 Data processing; data storage; data movement; and control.
1.4 Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the
computer and performs its data processing functions; often simply
VE
referred to as processor.
Main memory: Stores data.
I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.
System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common
D?
example of system interconnection is by means of a system bus,
consisting of a number of conducting wires to which all the other
components attach.
1.5 Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the
??
computer
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computer’s data
processing functions
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU
-5-
, CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers
1.6 In a stored program computer, programs are represented in a form
ST
suitable for storing in memory alongside the data. The computer gets its
instructions by reading them from memory, and a program can be set
or altered by setting the values of a portion of memory.
1.7 Moore observed that the number of transistors that could be put on a
UV
single chip was doubling every year and correctly predicted that this
pace would continue into the near future.
1.8 Similar or identical instruction set: In many cases, the same set of
machine instructions is supported on all members of the family. Thus, a
IA
program that executes on one machine will also execute on any other.
Similar or identical operating system: The same basic operating
system is available for all family members. Increasing speed: The rate
of instruction execution increases in going from lower to higher family
_A
members. Increasing Number of I/O ports: In going from lower to
higher family members. Increasing memory size: In going from lower
to higher family members. Increasing cost: In going from lower to
higher family members.
PP
1.9 In a microprocessor, all of the components of the CPU are on a single
chip.
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
RO
2.1 a
Location Instruction/Value Comments
0 <> Constant (N) [initialized to some value]
VE
1 1 Constant; Integer value = 1
2 2 Constant; Integer value = 2
3 0 Variable Y (initialized to integer zero);
Sum(Y)
4L LOAD M(0 N → AC
D?
4R ADD M(1) AC + 1 → AC
5L MUL M(0) N(N+1) → AC
5R DIV M(2) AC/2 → AC
6L STOR M(3) AC → Y; saving the Sum in variable Y
??
6R JUMP M(6,20:39) Done; HALT
-6-