Pediatric Nursing Study Guide
1. Vital Signs by Age
Normal ranges; always check your facility’s reference for exact values.
Age Group HR (bpm) RR BP (mmHg) Temp (°C/°F)
(breaths/min)
Newborn (0–1 100–180 30–60 65/45 36.5–37.5°C
mo) (97.7–99.5°F)
Infant (1–12 100–160 30–53 80/55 36.5–37.5°C
mo)
Toddler (1–3 90–150 22–37 90/55 36.5–37.5°C
yr)
Preschool (3–5 80–140 20–28 95/60 36.5–37.5°C
yr)
School-age (6– 70–120 18–25 100/65 36.5–37.5°C
12 yr)
Adolescent 60–100 12–20 110/70 36.5–37.5°C
(13+)
2. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Stage Age Focus/Task Nursing Implication
Oral 0–1 yr Feeding, oral Pacifiers, oral
gratification stimulation comfort
babies
Anal 1–3 yr Toilet training, Support potty
control training without
shaming
Phallic 3–6 yr Body discovery, Encourage modesty,
Oedipal complex answer questions
simply
Latency 6–12 yr Socialization, skills Encourage
schoolwork, friends,
1. Vital Signs by Age
Normal ranges; always check your facility’s reference for exact values.
Age Group HR (bpm) RR BP (mmHg) Temp (°C/°F)
(breaths/min)
Newborn (0–1 100–180 30–60 65/45 36.5–37.5°C
mo) (97.7–99.5°F)
Infant (1–12 100–160 30–53 80/55 36.5–37.5°C
mo)
Toddler (1–3 90–150 22–37 90/55 36.5–37.5°C
yr)
Preschool (3–5 80–140 20–28 95/60 36.5–37.5°C
yr)
School-age (6– 70–120 18–25 100/65 36.5–37.5°C
12 yr)
Adolescent 60–100 12–20 110/70 36.5–37.5°C
(13+)
2. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Stage Age Focus/Task Nursing Implication
Oral 0–1 yr Feeding, oral Pacifiers, oral
gratification stimulation comfort
babies
Anal 1–3 yr Toilet training, Support potty
control training without
shaming
Phallic 3–6 yr Body discovery, Encourage modesty,
Oedipal complex answer questions
simply
Latency 6–12 yr Socialization, skills Encourage
schoolwork, friends,
