EVOLVE HESI PHARM LATEST 2026 FULL TEST
BANK WITH COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉Which medications should the nurse caution the client about taking
while receiving an opioid analgesic?
A. antiacids
B. benzodiazepines
C. antihypertensives
D. oral antidiabetics . Answer: B. benzodiazepines
Rationale
Respiratory depression increases with the concurrent use of opioid
analgesics and other central nervous system depressant agents, such as
alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Antacids and antidiabetic
agents do not interact with opiates to produce adverse effects.
Antihypertensives may cause morphine-induced hypotension, but should
not be withheld without notifying the healthcare provider.
◉The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy
for an 88-year-old client with arthritis. The client reports that she can't
hear the nurse's questions because her ears are ringing. What action
should the nurse implement?
A. Refer the client to an audiologist for evaluation of her hearing.
,B. Advise the client that this is a common side effect of aspirin therapy.
C. Notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately.
D. Ask the client to turn off her hearing aid during the exam . Answer:
C. notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately
Rationale
Tinnitus is an early sign of salicylate toxicity. The healthcare provider
should be notified immediately, and the medication discontinued
◉A client asks the nurse if glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral insulin. Which
response should the nurse provide?
A. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and has the same actions and properties as
intermediate insulin."
B. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and is distributed, metabolized, and excreted
in the same manner as insulin."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta
cell function is present."
D. "No, it is not an oral insulin, but it is effective for those who are
resistant to injectable insulins." . Answer: C. "No, it is not an oral insulin
and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
Rationale
An effective oral form of insulin has not yet been developed because
when insulin is taken orally, it is destroyed by digestive enzymes.
,Glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral hypoglycemic agent that enhances
pancreatic production of insulin
◉In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome
would indicate that the drug is performing as intended?
A. An increase in urine output.
B. Two or three soft stools per day.
C. Watery, diarrhea stools.
D. Increased serum bilirubin. . Answer: B. Two or three soft stools per
day
Rationale
The medication lactulose can be administered for either chronic
constipation or for portal-systemic encephalopathy in clients with
hepatic disease. Two to three stools a day indicate that lactulose is
performing as intended for chronic constipation. This would also
indicate it should be effective for the clients with encephalopathy
because the lactulose's action prevents absorption of ammonia in the
colon as it increases water absorption and softens the stool. The efficacy
of the use for ammonia absorption would have to be verified by a serum
ammonia level and observation of clearing of the client's mental status
◉An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer
disease. The nurse knows that the purpose of this medication is to
A. decrease production of gastric secretions.
B. produce an adherent barrier over the ulcer.
, C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
D. decrease gastric motor activity . Answer: C. maintain a gastric pH of
3.5 or above.
Rationale
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of
3.5 or above which is necessary for pepsinogen inactivity
◉A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible
myasthenia gravis. The nurse prepares for intravenous administration of
edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). What is the expected outcome for this
client following administration of this pharmacologic agent?
A. Progressive difficulty with swallowing.
B. Decreased respiratory effort.
C. Improvement in generalized fatigue.
D. Decreased muscle weakness . Answer: D. Decreased muscle
weakness
Rationale
Administration of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon), a cholinergic agent,
will temporarily reduce muscle weakness, the most common complaint
of newly-diagnosed clients with myasthenia gravis. This medication is
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis due to its short duration of action.
BANK WITH COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉Which medications should the nurse caution the client about taking
while receiving an opioid analgesic?
A. antiacids
B. benzodiazepines
C. antihypertensives
D. oral antidiabetics . Answer: B. benzodiazepines
Rationale
Respiratory depression increases with the concurrent use of opioid
analgesics and other central nervous system depressant agents, such as
alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Antacids and antidiabetic
agents do not interact with opiates to produce adverse effects.
Antihypertensives may cause morphine-induced hypotension, but should
not be withheld without notifying the healthcare provider.
◉The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy
for an 88-year-old client with arthritis. The client reports that she can't
hear the nurse's questions because her ears are ringing. What action
should the nurse implement?
A. Refer the client to an audiologist for evaluation of her hearing.
,B. Advise the client that this is a common side effect of aspirin therapy.
C. Notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately.
D. Ask the client to turn off her hearing aid during the exam . Answer:
C. notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately
Rationale
Tinnitus is an early sign of salicylate toxicity. The healthcare provider
should be notified immediately, and the medication discontinued
◉A client asks the nurse if glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral insulin. Which
response should the nurse provide?
A. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and has the same actions and properties as
intermediate insulin."
B. "Yes, it is an oral insulin and is distributed, metabolized, and excreted
in the same manner as insulin."
C. "No, it is not an oral insulin and can be used only when some beta
cell function is present."
D. "No, it is not an oral insulin, but it is effective for those who are
resistant to injectable insulins." . Answer: C. "No, it is not an oral insulin
and can be used only when some beta cell function is present."
Rationale
An effective oral form of insulin has not yet been developed because
when insulin is taken orally, it is destroyed by digestive enzymes.
,Glipizide (Glucotrol) is an oral hypoglycemic agent that enhances
pancreatic production of insulin
◉In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome
would indicate that the drug is performing as intended?
A. An increase in urine output.
B. Two or three soft stools per day.
C. Watery, diarrhea stools.
D. Increased serum bilirubin. . Answer: B. Two or three soft stools per
day
Rationale
The medication lactulose can be administered for either chronic
constipation or for portal-systemic encephalopathy in clients with
hepatic disease. Two to three stools a day indicate that lactulose is
performing as intended for chronic constipation. This would also
indicate it should be effective for the clients with encephalopathy
because the lactulose's action prevents absorption of ammonia in the
colon as it increases water absorption and softens the stool. The efficacy
of the use for ammonia absorption would have to be verified by a serum
ammonia level and observation of clearing of the client's mental status
◉An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer
disease. The nurse knows that the purpose of this medication is to
A. decrease production of gastric secretions.
B. produce an adherent barrier over the ulcer.
, C. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above.
D. decrease gastric motor activity . Answer: C. maintain a gastric pH of
3.5 or above.
Rationale
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of
3.5 or above which is necessary for pepsinogen inactivity
◉A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing for possible
myasthenia gravis. The nurse prepares for intravenous administration of
edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). What is the expected outcome for this
client following administration of this pharmacologic agent?
A. Progressive difficulty with swallowing.
B. Decreased respiratory effort.
C. Improvement in generalized fatigue.
D. Decreased muscle weakness . Answer: D. Decreased muscle
weakness
Rationale
Administration of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon), a cholinergic agent,
will temporarily reduce muscle weakness, the most common complaint
of newly-diagnosed clients with myasthenia gravis. This medication is
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis due to its short duration of action.
