Campbell Biology Chapter 1 Exam
Questions With New Update Solutions
Evolution - Answer- Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on
Earth
DNA - Answer- Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a
cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
Emergent properties - Answer- New properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Systems Biology - Answer- An approach to studying biology that aims to model the
dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions
among the system's parts.
Eukaryotic Cell - Answer- A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi,
and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell - Answer- A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and
archaea) are called prokaryotes.
Gene - Answer- A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Gene expression - Answer- The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs.
Genome - Answer- The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete
complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid
sequences.
Biosphere - Answer- The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the
planet's ecosystems.
Ecosystems - Answer- All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors
with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around
them
, Community - Answer- All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of
populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Population - Answer- A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same
area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Organism - Answer- a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or
something that has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature
Organs - Answer- A specialized center of body function composed of several different
types of tissues.
Organ Systems - Answer- A group of organs that work together in performing vital body
functions.
Tissues - Answer- An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or
both. Ex. muscle or nervous
Organelles - Answer- Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized
functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute structures, crucial functional components of
cells (cellulose, plasma membrane)
Molecule - Answer- Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Negative Feedback - Answer- A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the
initial change.
Positive Feedback - Answer- A form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
Adaptation - Answer- Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival
and reproduction in a specific environment.
Inductive Reasoning - Answer- Induction moves from a set of specific observations
(humans require organic molecules, fish require organic molecules) to reach a general
conclusion (all animals require organic molecules
Data - Answer- Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - Answer- A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the
available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope
than a theory.
Questions With New Update Solutions
Evolution - Answer- Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on
Earth
DNA - Answer- Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a
cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
Emergent properties - Answer- New properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases.
Systems Biology - Answer- An approach to studying biology that aims to model the
dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions
among the system's parts.
Eukaryotic Cell - Answer- A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi,
and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell - Answer- A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and
archaea) are called prokaryotes.
Gene - Answer- A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Gene expression - Answer- The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs.
Genome - Answer- The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete
complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid
sequences.
Biosphere - Answer- The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the
planet's ecosystems.
Ecosystems - Answer- All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors
with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around
them
, Community - Answer- All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of
populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Population - Answer- A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same
area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Organism - Answer- a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or
something that has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature
Organs - Answer- A specialized center of body function composed of several different
types of tissues.
Organ Systems - Answer- A group of organs that work together in performing vital body
functions.
Tissues - Answer- An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or
both. Ex. muscle or nervous
Organelles - Answer- Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized
functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
molecules that are arranged into minute structures, crucial functional components of
cells (cellulose, plasma membrane)
Molecule - Answer- Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Negative Feedback - Answer- A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the
initial change.
Positive Feedback - Answer- A form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.
Adaptation - Answer- Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival
and reproduction in a specific environment.
Inductive Reasoning - Answer- Induction moves from a set of specific observations
(humans require organic molecules, fish require organic molecules) to reach a general
conclusion (all animals require organic molecules
Data - Answer- Recorded observations.
Hypothesis - Answer- A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the
available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope
than a theory.
