Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Exam A+ Pass

Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Exam A+ Pass light microscopy - Answer- magnification of cellular structures up to 1000 X scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - Answer- image of 3D surface coated with heavy metal like gold (100,000 X) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) - Answer- image of ultra thin slice to view intracellular components (500,000 x) cytosol - Answer- aqueous part of cytoplasm within which particles and organelles are suspended nucleoid - Answer- densely staining DNA region in a prokaryotic cell chromatin - Answer- uncondensed DNA wrapped around histones (used during transcription) chromosome - Answer- condensed chromatin (used during cell division) nucleus - Answer- organelle that contains DNA and controls processes of cell nucleolus - Answer- organelle where ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled (within nucleus) nuclear envelope - Answer- a double membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm ribosomes - Answer- organelles made of protein and rRNA that direct protein synthesis (in cytoplasm or tethered to rough ER) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Answer- internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed rough ER - Answer- organelle continuous with nuclear membrane, to which ribosomes are tethered and proteins are synthesized for export smooth ER - Answer- organelle where lipids are synthesized vesicles - Answer- small sacs surrounded by phospholipid bilayer that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell golgi apparatus - Answer- stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport lysosome - Answer- organelle filled with enzymes that break down old cell parts and chemicals phagocytosis - Answer- when extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf LARGE food particles contractile vacuole - Answer- saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze it out of cell central vacuole - Answer- membranous sac in plant cells with roles in reproduction, growth, and storage mitochondria - Answer- organelle in all eukaryotic cells where chemical energy in glucose and fats is transformed into ATP (cellular respiration SITE) chloroplast - Answer- organelle in plants where sunlight energy is used to synthesize glucose (photosynthesis SITE) endosymbiont theory - Answer- states that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cell peroxisomes - Answer- animal orgnalles that contain enzymes that detoxify alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals cytoskeleton - Answer- microscopic network of protein fibers within cytoplasm that gives shape to cell microtubules - Answer- (bottom) thickest, hollow tubes of tubulin proteins that make up cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindle and help move organelles around cell centrioles - Answer- organelles in animal cells from which mitotic spindle forms during cell division (resemble basal bodies) cilia - Answer- (A) short, many extensions of membrane-covered microtubules that move cell or materials past cell (ex. paramecium, trachea) flagella - Answer- (E) long, few, whiplike tails of membrane-covered microtubules that move cells cell wall - Answer- strong supporting layer of cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi), or peptidoglycans (bacteria) around cell membrane