CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY EDITION 12TH CHAPTER 1 EXAM Q’S AND A’S

CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY EDITION 12TH CHAPTER 1 EXAM Q’S AND A’S Archaea - answer- One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria. Molecule - answer- two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Climate Change - answer- A directional change in temperature, precipitation, or other aspect of the global climate that lasts for three decades or more. Biology - answer- the scientific study of life inquiry - answer- The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions. Organ - answer- A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues. prokaryotic cell - answer- A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Evolution - answer- Descent without modification; the process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time; also defined as a change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. Technology - answer- The application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research. Population - answer- group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring. Producer - answer- An organism that produces its own compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy (in photosynthesis) or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (in chemosynthetic reaction carried out by some prokaryotes). independent variable - answer- A factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor (the dependent variable). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - answer- A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. Biosphere - answer- The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems. Bioinformatics - answer- The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets. Dependent variable - answer- A factor whose value is measured during an experiment or other test to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor (the independent variable). Genome - answer- The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences. Model organism - answer- A particular species chosen for research into broad biological principles because it is representative of a larger group and usually easy to grow in a lab. genomics - answer- the systematic study of whole sets of genes (or other DNA) and their interactions within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species tissue - answer- An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both. Experiment - answer- A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled conditions that involve manipulating one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing that factor. gene expression - answer- The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs. Inductive reasoning - answer- A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. Eukarya - answer- The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms. controlled experiment - answer- An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group; ideally, the two groups differ only in the factor being tested. Variable - answer- A factor that varies in an experiment. Bacteria - answer- One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea. Eukaryotic cell - answer- A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes ecosystem - answer- All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors