CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER EXAM 7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER EXAM 7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Amihipathic - answer- a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region; phosholipid is this Fluid mosaic model - answer- How phospholipids and proteins are arranged in the membrane of cells; membrane is a fluid structure with a mosaic of various proteins embedded or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids Integral proteins - answer- Proteins that Penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer, completely embedded in the membrane, some of which are transmembrane proteins that span the membrane completely Transmembrane proteins - answer- Span the whole membrane Peripheral proteins - answer- Proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all; loosely bound to the surface of the membrane Glycolipids - answer- Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids Glycoproteins - answer- Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins Davson-Dinelli sandwich - answer- Theory that describes a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of proteins Cause of familial hypercholesterolemia - answer- Defective LDL receptors on the cell membranes Selective Permeability depends on - answer- Type of transport proteins that are present in membrane and bilayer, being permeable to primarly small, nonpolar molecules oligosaccharides - answer- Cell to cell regocnition depends on Function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes - answer- Maintains membrane fluidity Isotonic - answer- Normal tonicity condition for animal cells Hypotonic - answer- Normal tonicity condition for plant cells Great proportion of unsaturated phospholipids - answer- What factor would tend to increase membrane fluidity? Production of cell walls by plant cells - answer- Process of exocytosis is important in Cotransport protein - answer- What mechanisms do plants use to load sucrose produced by photosynthesis into specialized cells in the veins of leaves? Active transport - answer- Carrier molecules in the membrane and metabolic energy are required for Amihipathic - answer- Surface of an integral membrane would be best described as Transmembrane Proteins - answer- Integral membrane proteins are usually: Fluid - answer- Unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol molecules help membranes remain: Contributes to membrane potential - answer- The sodium potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it Lateral mobility of lipids and proteins - answer- Lack of covalent bonds between the lipids and proteins and weak hydrophobic interactions among the components in the interior of the membrane account for: Phagocytosis - answer- An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing what? Receptor-mediated endocytosis - answer- Cholesterol enters cells via Lyse - answer- In a hypotonic solution an animal cell will Small and hydrophobic - answer- What kind of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? Electrochemical gradients - answer- Ions diffuse across membranes down their Cotransport is used for - answer- Pumping H+ ions to get sucrose into the cell Endocytosis - answer- Type of bulk transport, bringing materials into the cell Through a protein - answer- How do ionic substances cross a membrane? Facilitated diffusion - answer- Diffusion of a substance through a protein pore Decrease extracellular pH - answer- What experimental treatment would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell? Shrivel - answer- What happens if you put an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? Lateral movement - answer- What does the fluid part of the fluid-mosaic model mean? Diffusion - answer- High to low concentration, passive transport Carbohydrates - answer- crucial in cell-cell recognition and developing organisms