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1. By what date had Kokichi Mikimoto begun ✓ 1908
culturing whole pearls
2. Synthetic gem materials ✓ Are not minerals
3. which of the following is an organic gem ✓ amber
4. which of the following is amorphous ✓ amber
5. a natural material that's made up of a mass of ✓ rock
one or more kinds of mineral crystals is
6. what group does alamandine belong to ✓ garnet
7. A gem produced by, or derived from, a living ✓ organic
organism is
8. which of the following is a gem variety ✓ demantoid
9. the world's largest gem-consuming market is ✓ the US
10. a substance that consists of atoms of only one ✓ chemical element
kind is a
11. Media attention in the 1990s regarding its ✓ emerald
, treatment reduced consumer confidence in
12. a natural, inorganic substance with a ✓ mineral
characteristic chemical composition and usual
crystal structure is a
13. most gems are ✓ minerals
14. To be a gem, a mineral must be beautiful, ✓ rare
durable, and
15. a broad gem category based on chemical ✓ gem species
composition and crystal structure is called a
16. Many colored stones are mined by ✓ independent miners
using small-scale
mining methods.
17. Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath ✓ metamorphic
Earth's surface are
18. Which type of deposit is usually the most ✓ secondary
profitable for colored stone mining?
19. Which gem can crystallize in volcanic rock from ✓ red beryl
gasses released by magma?
20. Emeralds are rarely found in placer deposits ✓ unable to withstand
because they're much abrasion
21. Which is a workable alluvial deposit of gem ✓ placers
minerals with economic potential?
22. Which is a deposit where gems eroded from the ✓ eluvial
, source rock and remained in place nearby?
23. from granite, pegmatite gems get exotic ✓ beryllium, boron, and
elements like lithium
24. Myanmar's famous Mogok ruby deposits were ✓ metamorphic process
formed by
25. most of the gems in tanzania's umba river valley ✓ placer deposits
are formed in
26. A deposit where gems are found in the rock that ✓ primary deposit
where they formed is called
27. Which is a key locality for hydrothermal gems? ✓ Ouro Preto, Brazil
28. Heat and pressure transform limestone into ✓ marble
29. which gem form by metamophosis ✓ tanzanite
30. Most gemstones form in the ✓ continental crust
31. kunzite is most often associated with ✓ tourmaline and beryl in
pegmatites
32. how heavy an object is in relation to its size ✓ density
33. A two-phase inclusion is a cavity in a gem that's ✓ liquid and a gas
typically filled with a
34. which type of twinning is caused by ✓ polysynthetic
environmental change after a gem forms
35. which element caused red in ruby and green in ✓ chromium
emerald
36. A unit cell defines a mineral's ✓ basic identity
, 37. which type of twinning looks as if two crystal ✓ contact twinning
halves are mirror images
38. crystals that grow in a flux that is highly ✓ small
saturated with the necessary elements tend to
be -
39. which is classified in the orthorhombic crystal ✓ topaz
system
40. Which gems are cryptocrystalline aggregates? ✓ Chalcedony and
turquoise
41. Atoms in a gem that aren't part of its essential ✓ trace elements
chemical composition are called
42. Many fashioned rubies have shallow ✓ flattened crystals
proportions because they're cut from
43. Rough spinel often occurs as ✓ twinned crystals
44. Needles of actinolite found in emerald are ✓ inclusions
classified as
45. which aggregates crystals are visible only under ✓ cryptocrystalline
very high magnification
46. the trace elements that cause corundum's blue ✓ iron and titanium
are
47. what element does chromium substitute for to ✓ aluminium
cause ruby's red
48. In many blue sapphires, the intervalence charge ✓ iron and titanium