ADVANCED ARRHYTHMIAS FINAL EXAM 2025-2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY
TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Arrhythmias can be due to...-ANSWER-abnormal impulse
conduction or abnormal impulse formation
These abnormalities may be caused by trauma, hypoxemia,
myocardial disease, inflammation ,acidosis, or any cause of
myocardial injury
When do arrhythmias need to be treated?-ANSWER-when they
cause hemodynamic dysfunction (low blood pressure/flow) or
may result in future complications such as worsening
arrhythmias or heart failure due to increased myocardial
oxygen consumption and to high or low of a heart rate
1|Page
,How do class I, II, III, and IV antiarrhythmics work?-ANSWER-I–
sodium channel blocker
2– beta blocker
3. potassium channel blocker
4– calcium channel blocker
What is the difference in action potential duration between a
Class Ia and Class Ib and Class I c antiarrhythmic?-ANSWER-
class Ia = prolonged action potential
class Ib = shortened action potential
Class Ic= no effect on action potential
–alterations in action potential can break arrhythmias due to
mechanisms such as reentry
Class Ia antiarrhythmics include?-ANSWER-Quinidine
Procanamide
Disopyramide
Class Ib antiarrythmics include?-ANSWER-Lidocaine
Phenytoin
Tocanide
2|Page
, Mexiletine
Class Ic antiarrhthymics include?-ANSWER-flecanide
Class II antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-propranolol
timolol
pindolol
atenolol
esmolol
metoprolol
caredolol
Class III antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-brtylium
aminodarone
sotolol
class IV antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-verapamil
diltiazem
3|Page
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY
TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Arrhythmias can be due to...-ANSWER-abnormal impulse
conduction or abnormal impulse formation
These abnormalities may be caused by trauma, hypoxemia,
myocardial disease, inflammation ,acidosis, or any cause of
myocardial injury
When do arrhythmias need to be treated?-ANSWER-when they
cause hemodynamic dysfunction (low blood pressure/flow) or
may result in future complications such as worsening
arrhythmias or heart failure due to increased myocardial
oxygen consumption and to high or low of a heart rate
1|Page
,How do class I, II, III, and IV antiarrhythmics work?-ANSWER-I–
sodium channel blocker
2– beta blocker
3. potassium channel blocker
4– calcium channel blocker
What is the difference in action potential duration between a
Class Ia and Class Ib and Class I c antiarrhythmic?-ANSWER-
class Ia = prolonged action potential
class Ib = shortened action potential
Class Ic= no effect on action potential
–alterations in action potential can break arrhythmias due to
mechanisms such as reentry
Class Ia antiarrhythmics include?-ANSWER-Quinidine
Procanamide
Disopyramide
Class Ib antiarrythmics include?-ANSWER-Lidocaine
Phenytoin
Tocanide
2|Page
, Mexiletine
Class Ic antiarrhthymics include?-ANSWER-flecanide
Class II antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-propranolol
timolol
pindolol
atenolol
esmolol
metoprolol
caredolol
Class III antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-brtylium
aminodarone
sotolol
class IV antiarrhythmics include-ANSWER-verapamil
diltiazem
3|Page
