Functional Histology of the Kidney
This session will cover:
Nephrons and their overall organisation
The layout of a glomerulus and its associated arterioles and Bowman's
capsule, in relation to function
The three layers of the glomerular membrane and their roles in
ultrafiltration of plasma
The cellular organisation of each of the segments of a renal tubule in
relation to function, namely the proximal convoluted tubule, thin and
ascending thick limbs of loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and
collecting tubule
The relation of structure of a collecting duct to its function
The juxtaglomerular apparatus
Transitional epithelium
The cellular structure of the normal walls of the ureter and bladder, in
relation to the retention of urine and protection against its toxic
components
Introduction – general functions
Nephron (functional unit of kidney)
-defintion –parts
The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, the 3-stage biological filter
The renal tubule, reabsorption and osmosis
Juxtaglomerular apparatus and blood pressure
The ureter and bladder, transitional epithelium and resistance to toxicity
The Urinary System – Functions
The function of the kidney is homeostasis of the blood. In particular, homeostasis of
-Plasma composition, regulated by excretion of water, ions and organic waste
products into urine
-Blood pressure, through the enzyme renin
-RBC content through the secretion of erythropoietin
The kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output
, The Nephron
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, where blood is filtered at the
molecular level to produce urine yet retain cells and large proteins.
There are about 1 milion nephrons in each human kidney
Nephron parts and locations
1- Bowman’s capsule
2- Glomerulus
3- PCT
4- Loop of Henle thin arm
5- Loop of Henle thick arm
6- DCT
7- Collecting tubule (straighter epithelium, like 8)
8- Collecting duct
9- Papilla
The renal corpuscle includes Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus. The renal tubule
consists of PCT to 7.
This session will cover:
Nephrons and their overall organisation
The layout of a glomerulus and its associated arterioles and Bowman's
capsule, in relation to function
The three layers of the glomerular membrane and their roles in
ultrafiltration of plasma
The cellular organisation of each of the segments of a renal tubule in
relation to function, namely the proximal convoluted tubule, thin and
ascending thick limbs of loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and
collecting tubule
The relation of structure of a collecting duct to its function
The juxtaglomerular apparatus
Transitional epithelium
The cellular structure of the normal walls of the ureter and bladder, in
relation to the retention of urine and protection against its toxic
components
Introduction – general functions
Nephron (functional unit of kidney)
-defintion –parts
The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, the 3-stage biological filter
The renal tubule, reabsorption and osmosis
Juxtaglomerular apparatus and blood pressure
The ureter and bladder, transitional epithelium and resistance to toxicity
The Urinary System – Functions
The function of the kidney is homeostasis of the blood. In particular, homeostasis of
-Plasma composition, regulated by excretion of water, ions and organic waste
products into urine
-Blood pressure, through the enzyme renin
-RBC content through the secretion of erythropoietin
The kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output
, The Nephron
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, where blood is filtered at the
molecular level to produce urine yet retain cells and large proteins.
There are about 1 milion nephrons in each human kidney
Nephron parts and locations
1- Bowman’s capsule
2- Glomerulus
3- PCT
4- Loop of Henle thin arm
5- Loop of Henle thick arm
6- DCT
7- Collecting tubule (straighter epithelium, like 8)
8- Collecting duct
9- Papilla
The renal corpuscle includes Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus. The renal tubule
consists of PCT to 7.
