CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER 33
Q’S AND A’S
Invertebrates - ANSWER-Animals without a backbone. About 95% of known animal
species.
Calcarea and Silicea - ANSWER-phylum that includes sponges; no symmetry,
tissues, body cavity, organs, nervous system; basal animals; mostly marine; contain
spicules; most are hermaphrodites; free-swimming during larval stage and sessile
(non motile) as adults; suspension/filter feeders
Suspention feeders - ANSWER-small and large organisms that use filtering and
trapping techniques to collect minute food particles suspended in the water
Spongocoel - ANSWER-large central cavity of the sponge
Osculum - ANSWER-A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is
expelled
Choanocytes - ANSWER-specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a
steady current of water through the sponge
mesohyl - ANSWER-a gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge
amoebocytes - ANSWER-the "do-all" cells of sponges, moving by means of
pseudopodia, they digest and distribute food, transport oxygen, and disposes of
waste. they manufacture the fibers that make up a sponges skeleton
Eumetazoa - ANSWER-Members of the subkingdom that includes all animals except
sponges. (true tissues)
Cnidaria - ANSWER-animal phylum characterized by having diploblastic tentacled
polyp and/or medusa (jelly) body forms with radial symmetry; tentacles bear cells
called cnidocytes that have weapons called cnidae (e.g., stinging barbs called
nematocysts). Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening. - corals, jellies and
hydras
gastrovascular cavity - ANSWER-digestive chamber with a single opening, in which
cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food
Polyps - ANSWER-The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form
is the medusa. Cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of
their body, waiting for the prey. - hydras
, Medusa - ANSWER-The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian
body plan. The alternate form is the polyp.
Cnidocytes - ANSWER-a specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named;
consists of a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged,
functions in defense and prey capture
Nematocytsts - ANSWER-a type of cnidocyte that has a long filament coiled up
inside it and can penetrate the prey.
4 major classes of phylum Cnidaria - ANSWER-Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa,
Anthozoa
Hydrozoans - ANSWER-A class of Cnidaria where most of the organisms alternate
between polyp and medusa except hydras, which are only polyp. They can
reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Scyphozoans - ANSWER-Group of cnidarians,all marine, polyp stage is greatly
reduced, free swimming medusae is up to 2 m in diameter. (Jellies,sea nettles)
Cubozoans - ANSWER-Class of Cnidaria with a box-shaped medusa stage and
complex eyes. Often equipped with toxic cnidocytes.
Anthozoans - ANSWER-class of cnidarian; sea anemones and corals occurring only
as polyps. Corals excrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate, form symbioses with
algae.
Lophotrochozoans - ANSWER-Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a
clade by molecular evidence. Lophotrochozoans include organisms that have
lophophores or trochophore larvae. Includes about 18 phyla - introduced 6 are
flatworms, rotifers, ectoprocts, brachiopods, molluscs and annelids.
Bilateria - ANSWER-A member of a major lineage of animals (Bilateria) that are
bilaterally symmetrical at some point in their life cycle, have three embryonic germ
layers, and have digestive tract with two opening and a coelom. All protostomes and
deuterostomes are bilaterians.
3 major clades of Bilateria - ANSWER-1. lophotrochozoa
2. ecdysozoa
3. deuterostomia
lophophore - ANSWER-In some lophotrochozoan animals, including brachiopods, a
crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth and function in feeding.
trochophore larva - ANSWER-Distinctive larval stage observed in some
lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) - ANSWER-· Distinct organ systems
· Bilateral Symmetry
· Acoelomate
Q’S AND A’S
Invertebrates - ANSWER-Animals without a backbone. About 95% of known animal
species.
Calcarea and Silicea - ANSWER-phylum that includes sponges; no symmetry,
tissues, body cavity, organs, nervous system; basal animals; mostly marine; contain
spicules; most are hermaphrodites; free-swimming during larval stage and sessile
(non motile) as adults; suspension/filter feeders
Suspention feeders - ANSWER-small and large organisms that use filtering and
trapping techniques to collect minute food particles suspended in the water
Spongocoel - ANSWER-large central cavity of the sponge
Osculum - ANSWER-A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is
expelled
Choanocytes - ANSWER-specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a
steady current of water through the sponge
mesohyl - ANSWER-a gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge
amoebocytes - ANSWER-the "do-all" cells of sponges, moving by means of
pseudopodia, they digest and distribute food, transport oxygen, and disposes of
waste. they manufacture the fibers that make up a sponges skeleton
Eumetazoa - ANSWER-Members of the subkingdom that includes all animals except
sponges. (true tissues)
Cnidaria - ANSWER-animal phylum characterized by having diploblastic tentacled
polyp and/or medusa (jelly) body forms with radial symmetry; tentacles bear cells
called cnidocytes that have weapons called cnidae (e.g., stinging barbs called
nematocysts). Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening. - corals, jellies and
hydras
gastrovascular cavity - ANSWER-digestive chamber with a single opening, in which
cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food
Polyps - ANSWER-The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form
is the medusa. Cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of
their body, waiting for the prey. - hydras
, Medusa - ANSWER-The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian
body plan. The alternate form is the polyp.
Cnidocytes - ANSWER-a specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named;
consists of a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged,
functions in defense and prey capture
Nematocytsts - ANSWER-a type of cnidocyte that has a long filament coiled up
inside it and can penetrate the prey.
4 major classes of phylum Cnidaria - ANSWER-Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa,
Anthozoa
Hydrozoans - ANSWER-A class of Cnidaria where most of the organisms alternate
between polyp and medusa except hydras, which are only polyp. They can
reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Scyphozoans - ANSWER-Group of cnidarians,all marine, polyp stage is greatly
reduced, free swimming medusae is up to 2 m in diameter. (Jellies,sea nettles)
Cubozoans - ANSWER-Class of Cnidaria with a box-shaped medusa stage and
complex eyes. Often equipped with toxic cnidocytes.
Anthozoans - ANSWER-class of cnidarian; sea anemones and corals occurring only
as polyps. Corals excrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate, form symbioses with
algae.
Lophotrochozoans - ANSWER-Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a
clade by molecular evidence. Lophotrochozoans include organisms that have
lophophores or trochophore larvae. Includes about 18 phyla - introduced 6 are
flatworms, rotifers, ectoprocts, brachiopods, molluscs and annelids.
Bilateria - ANSWER-A member of a major lineage of animals (Bilateria) that are
bilaterally symmetrical at some point in their life cycle, have three embryonic germ
layers, and have digestive tract with two opening and a coelom. All protostomes and
deuterostomes are bilaterians.
3 major clades of Bilateria - ANSWER-1. lophotrochozoa
2. ecdysozoa
3. deuterostomia
lophophore - ANSWER-In some lophotrochozoan animals, including brachiopods, a
crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth and function in feeding.
trochophore larva - ANSWER-Distinctive larval stage observed in some
lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) - ANSWER-· Distinct organ systems
· Bilateral Symmetry
· Acoelomate
