CAMPBELL BIOLOGY UNIT 1 EXAM
Q’S AND A’S
Organisms are composed of... - ANSWER-Matter
Matter is made up of... - ANSWER-Elements
How many elements occur in nature? - ANSWER-82
Compound - ANSWER-A substance consisting of 2 or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
% of natural elements that are essential elements - ANSWER-20-25%
4 Major elements of living matter - ANSWER-Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen and
Hydrogen
Atom - ANSWER-Smallest unit of matter this still retains properties of an element
Atomic Nucleus - ANSWER-Proton and Neutron core
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons; Shown by left subscript
Mass number - ANSWER-# or protons + nutrons; Shown by left superscript
Isotope - ANSWER-When some atoms of the same element have a different number
of neutrons; Behave identically in chemical reactions;
Radioactive Isotope - ANSWER-The nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off
particles and energy.
Half life - ANSWER-The time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay
Radiometric dating - ANSWER-Measuring the ratio of different isotopes and
calculate how many half lives have passed
Energy - ANSWER-The capacity to cause change
Electron distance relating to potential energy - ANSWER-The farther away from the
nucleus, the more potential energy
First electron shell - ANSWER-Holds only 2 electrons
Valence electrons - ANSWER-Electrons on the outermost shell
Valence Shell - ANSWER-The outer most electron shell
, Inert elements - ANSWER-Have full valence shells so are chemically un-reactive
Covalent bond - ANSWER-The sharing of an electron; Makes a molecule
(Nonmetal- Nonmetal)
Molecule - ANSWER-2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Electronegativity - ANSWER-The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a
covalent bond
Non-polar covalent bond - ANSWER-When 2 atoms bond together with the same
electronegativity
Polar covalent bond - ANSWER-When 2 atoms bond together with different
electronegativity
Cation - ANSWER-Positively charged ion (ionic bond)
Anion - ANSWER-Negatively charged ion (Ionic bond)
Ionic bonds - ANSWER-When charges are so unequal that the more electronegative
atom rips an electron completely away from its partner (metal- nonmetal)
Salts - ANSWER-Ionic compounds
Ionic compound formation - ANSWER-3 dimensional lattice
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative
atom
Van der Waals Interactions - ANSWER-
Chemical reaction - ANSWER-Making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to
changes in the composition of matter
Photosynthesis equation - ANSWER-6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Chemical equilibrum - ANSWER-Point at which the reactions offset one another
exactly and their concentrations stabilize at a particular ratio
Polar Molecule - ANSWER-overall charge is unevenly distributed
4 emergent properties of water - ANSWER-Cohesive behavior, ability to moderate
temp, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent
Cohesion - ANSWER-When the hydrogen bonds hold the substance together
Adhesion - ANSWER-clinging of one substance to another
Q’S AND A’S
Organisms are composed of... - ANSWER-Matter
Matter is made up of... - ANSWER-Elements
How many elements occur in nature? - ANSWER-82
Compound - ANSWER-A substance consisting of 2 or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
% of natural elements that are essential elements - ANSWER-20-25%
4 Major elements of living matter - ANSWER-Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen and
Hydrogen
Atom - ANSWER-Smallest unit of matter this still retains properties of an element
Atomic Nucleus - ANSWER-Proton and Neutron core
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons; Shown by left subscript
Mass number - ANSWER-# or protons + nutrons; Shown by left superscript
Isotope - ANSWER-When some atoms of the same element have a different number
of neutrons; Behave identically in chemical reactions;
Radioactive Isotope - ANSWER-The nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off
particles and energy.
Half life - ANSWER-The time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay
Radiometric dating - ANSWER-Measuring the ratio of different isotopes and
calculate how many half lives have passed
Energy - ANSWER-The capacity to cause change
Electron distance relating to potential energy - ANSWER-The farther away from the
nucleus, the more potential energy
First electron shell - ANSWER-Holds only 2 electrons
Valence electrons - ANSWER-Electrons on the outermost shell
Valence Shell - ANSWER-The outer most electron shell
, Inert elements - ANSWER-Have full valence shells so are chemically un-reactive
Covalent bond - ANSWER-The sharing of an electron; Makes a molecule
(Nonmetal- Nonmetal)
Molecule - ANSWER-2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Electronegativity - ANSWER-The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a
covalent bond
Non-polar covalent bond - ANSWER-When 2 atoms bond together with the same
electronegativity
Polar covalent bond - ANSWER-When 2 atoms bond together with different
electronegativity
Cation - ANSWER-Positively charged ion (ionic bond)
Anion - ANSWER-Negatively charged ion (Ionic bond)
Ionic bonds - ANSWER-When charges are so unequal that the more electronegative
atom rips an electron completely away from its partner (metal- nonmetal)
Salts - ANSWER-Ionic compounds
Ionic compound formation - ANSWER-3 dimensional lattice
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative
atom
Van der Waals Interactions - ANSWER-
Chemical reaction - ANSWER-Making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to
changes in the composition of matter
Photosynthesis equation - ANSWER-6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Chemical equilibrum - ANSWER-Point at which the reactions offset one another
exactly and their concentrations stabilize at a particular ratio
Polar Molecule - ANSWER-overall charge is unevenly distributed
4 emergent properties of water - ANSWER-Cohesive behavior, ability to moderate
temp, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent
Cohesion - ANSWER-When the hydrogen bonds hold the substance together
Adhesion - ANSWER-clinging of one substance to another
