MDC 2 EXAM 1 2025/2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers)|Brand New
Version Grade A+!
Benign cells Correct Answer: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the
wrong time
Benign Cell Features Correct Answer: o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a Correct Answer: healthy cell
,Examples of Benign cells Correct Answer: o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells Correct Answer: indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal
body tissues and result in death
Malignant cell features Correct Answer: o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer Correct Answer: o C-Change in bowel or
bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
,o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy Correct Answer: o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Correct Answer: Normal cells are damaged and
irreversible
Promotion Correct Answer: Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant
cells
Progression Correct Answer: Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis Correct Answer: Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis Correct Answer: cancer development
Cancer classification Correct Answer: o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
, o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading Correct Answer: Looking under microscope and determine
level/degree of mutation of cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy Correct Answer: Number of chromosomes
Staging Correct Answer: How large is the primary tumor and how far has it
spread
TNM Correct Answer: o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index Correct Answer: Period of time required for that
quantity to double in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary Correct Answer: o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers)|Brand New
Version Grade A+!
Benign cells Correct Answer: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the
wrong time
Benign Cell Features Correct Answer: o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a Correct Answer: healthy cell
,Examples of Benign cells Correct Answer: o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells Correct Answer: indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal
body tissues and result in death
Malignant cell features Correct Answer: o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer Correct Answer: o C-Change in bowel or
bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
,o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy Correct Answer: o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Correct Answer: Normal cells are damaged and
irreversible
Promotion Correct Answer: Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant
cells
Progression Correct Answer: Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis Correct Answer: Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis Correct Answer: cancer development
Cancer classification Correct Answer: o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
, o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading Correct Answer: Looking under microscope and determine
level/degree of mutation of cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy Correct Answer: Number of chromosomes
Staging Correct Answer: How large is the primary tumor and how far has it
spread
TNM Correct Answer: o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index Correct Answer: Period of time required for that
quantity to double in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary Correct Answer: o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
