study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
1. integumentary system together with blood vessels, nerves, sensory organs, the skin &
associated structures form this
2. epidermis, dermis & sub- the 3 layers of the skin
cutaneous layer
3. epidermis Outermost portion of skin, protection from wear and tear, injury,
and harmful substances; composed mostly of stratified squamous
epithelium, avascular, composed of stratum corneum & stratum
basale
4. stratum basale, or stratum the deepest layer of epidermis, closest to the dermis, constantly
germinativum dividing & producing new epithelial cells, which are pushed upward
toward skin surface
5. stratum corneum uppermost layer of epidermis or horny layer of the epidermis
formed by the migrated, flattened cells of the basal layer.This layer
consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely
packed. These cells are constantly being shed and are completely
replaced with new cells from below; found on face, soles of the feet,
& palms of the hands
6. keratin fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective proper-
ties
7. exfoliation shedding of dead skin cells
8. melanin a dark pigment that colors the skin & protects it from sunlight's
harmful rays; it is produced by melanocytes in the deepest layer of
the epidermis
9. where is melanin found in the body?
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
skin, hair, middle coat of
eyeball, iris of eye & in cer-
tain tumors
10. freckles irregular patches of melanin are called
11. dermis The middle layer of the skin, has a framework of elastic connective
tissue & well supplied with blood vessels and nerves, location for
sebaceous (oil) glands, sweat glands, hair follicles & sensory recep-
tors
12. dermal papillae Projections from dermis into epidermis. Increase surface area of
the dermis and stratum germinativum. Form ridges in epidermis
and form fingerprints and footprints
13. subcutaneous layer (hypo- underneath and supporting the dermis, this connects the skin to
dermis or superficial fas- the underlying muscles, consists of loose connective tissue & large
cia) amounts of adipose (fat) tissue, helps to regulate body tempera-
ture.
14. sebaceous (oil) glands saclike glands, ducts open into hair follicles and secrete sebum to
keep hair and skin lubricated and provide protection against both
bacteria and drying
15. sweat (sudoriferous) coiled glands located in the dermis & subcutaneous tissue that
glands vent directly to the skin surface or through hair follicles; release
perspiration to cool body by evaporation, eliminate some soluble
wastes
16. eccrine gland Most widely distributed sweat glands that regulate body temper-
ature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the
surface of the skin
17. sebum oily secretion, lubricates the skin & hair & prevents drying
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
18. vernix caseosa babies are born with this covering (resembles cream cheese) pro-
duced by sebaceous glands "cheesy varnish"
19. meibomian glands modified sebaceous glands, are associated with the eye lashes &
produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes
20. apocrine sweat glands located mainly in the arm pits & groin area, these glands become
active at puberty & release their secretions through hair follicles in
response to emotional stress & sexual stimulation; body odor de-
velops from the action of bacteria in breaking down these materials
21. ceruminous (or cerumen) in the ear canal that produce ear wax
glands
22. ciliary glands at the edge of eyelids
23. mammary glands in the breasts
24. hair composed of keratin, develops in the follicle, grows from base of
follicle
25. hair structure follicle, shaft, root & errector pili muscle
26. errector pili muscle attached to most hair follicles is a thin band of involuntary muscle,
when a person is frightened, or cold this muscle contracts, raising
the hair & forming "goose bumps" on the skin "hair raiser"
27. palms of hands, soles of hairless regions
feet, lips, nipples & parts of
external genitalia
28. shaft the part of hair that projects above the skin
29. root the portion below the skin
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
30. root, cuticle.lunula, nail the structure of the nail in order, starting with proximal end
plate & free edge
31. integumentary system What is the name of the system that comprises the skin & all of its
associated structures?
32. epidermis & dermis Moving from the superficial to the deeper layer, what are the names
of the 2 layers of skin?
33. loose connective tissue & What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
adipose (fat) tissue
34. the sebaceous glands What is the name of the skin glands that produce an oily secretion
(sebum)?
35. sudoriferous glands What is the scientific name for the sweat glands?
36. hair follicle What is the name of the sheath in which a hair develops?
37. keratin & sebum What 2 substances produced in the skin help to prevent dehydra-
tion?
38. dilation (widening) & con- What 2 mechanisms involving the skin are used to regulate temper-
striction (narrowing) of ature?
blood vessels & evapora-
tion of perspiration from
the body surface
39. functions of the integu- protection against infection, protection against dehydration (dry-
mentary system ing), regulation of body temperature & collection of sensory infor-
mation
40. melanin
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
1. integumentary system together with blood vessels, nerves, sensory organs, the skin &
associated structures form this
2. epidermis, dermis & sub- the 3 layers of the skin
cutaneous layer
3. epidermis Outermost portion of skin, protection from wear and tear, injury,
and harmful substances; composed mostly of stratified squamous
epithelium, avascular, composed of stratum corneum & stratum
basale
4. stratum basale, or stratum the deepest layer of epidermis, closest to the dermis, constantly
germinativum dividing & producing new epithelial cells, which are pushed upward
toward skin surface
5. stratum corneum uppermost layer of epidermis or horny layer of the epidermis
formed by the migrated, flattened cells of the basal layer.This layer
consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely
packed. These cells are constantly being shed and are completely
replaced with new cells from below; found on face, soles of the feet,
& palms of the hands
6. keratin fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective proper-
ties
7. exfoliation shedding of dead skin cells
8. melanin a dark pigment that colors the skin & protects it from sunlight's
harmful rays; it is produced by melanocytes in the deepest layer of
the epidermis
9. where is melanin found in the body?
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
skin, hair, middle coat of
eyeball, iris of eye & in cer-
tain tumors
10. freckles irregular patches of melanin are called
11. dermis The middle layer of the skin, has a framework of elastic connective
tissue & well supplied with blood vessels and nerves, location for
sebaceous (oil) glands, sweat glands, hair follicles & sensory recep-
tors
12. dermal papillae Projections from dermis into epidermis. Increase surface area of
the dermis and stratum germinativum. Form ridges in epidermis
and form fingerprints and footprints
13. subcutaneous layer (hypo- underneath and supporting the dermis, this connects the skin to
dermis or superficial fas- the underlying muscles, consists of loose connective tissue & large
cia) amounts of adipose (fat) tissue, helps to regulate body tempera-
ture.
14. sebaceous (oil) glands saclike glands, ducts open into hair follicles and secrete sebum to
keep hair and skin lubricated and provide protection against both
bacteria and drying
15. sweat (sudoriferous) coiled glands located in the dermis & subcutaneous tissue that
glands vent directly to the skin surface or through hair follicles; release
perspiration to cool body by evaporation, eliminate some soluble
wastes
16. eccrine gland Most widely distributed sweat glands that regulate body temper-
ature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the
surface of the skin
17. sebum oily secretion, lubricates the skin & hair & prevents drying
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
18. vernix caseosa babies are born with this covering (resembles cream cheese) pro-
duced by sebaceous glands "cheesy varnish"
19. meibomian glands modified sebaceous glands, are associated with the eye lashes &
produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes
20. apocrine sweat glands located mainly in the arm pits & groin area, these glands become
active at puberty & release their secretions through hair follicles in
response to emotional stress & sexual stimulation; body odor de-
velops from the action of bacteria in breaking down these materials
21. ceruminous (or cerumen) in the ear canal that produce ear wax
glands
22. ciliary glands at the edge of eyelids
23. mammary glands in the breasts
24. hair composed of keratin, develops in the follicle, grows from base of
follicle
25. hair structure follicle, shaft, root & errector pili muscle
26. errector pili muscle attached to most hair follicles is a thin band of involuntary muscle,
when a person is frightened, or cold this muscle contracts, raising
the hair & forming "goose bumps" on the skin "hair raiser"
27. palms of hands, soles of hairless regions
feet, lips, nipples & parts of
external genitalia
28. shaft the part of hair that projects above the skin
29. root the portion below the skin
, study guide for exam 2 human anatomy & physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8870f
30. root, cuticle.lunula, nail the structure of the nail in order, starting with proximal end
plate & free edge
31. integumentary system What is the name of the system that comprises the skin & all of its
associated structures?
32. epidermis & dermis Moving from the superficial to the deeper layer, what are the names
of the 2 layers of skin?
33. loose connective tissue & What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
adipose (fat) tissue
34. the sebaceous glands What is the name of the skin glands that produce an oily secretion
(sebum)?
35. sudoriferous glands What is the scientific name for the sweat glands?
36. hair follicle What is the name of the sheath in which a hair develops?
37. keratin & sebum What 2 substances produced in the skin help to prevent dehydra-
tion?
38. dilation (widening) & con- What 2 mechanisms involving the skin are used to regulate temper-
striction (narrowing) of ature?
blood vessels & evapora-
tion of perspiration from
the body surface
39. functions of the integu- protection against infection, protection against dehydration (dry-
mentary system ing), regulation of body temperature & collection of sensory infor-
mation
40. melanin
