FSU PUP 3002 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
study of public policy - answer- systematic scientific analysis of government activity
including laws, regulations, funding priorities and its influence on society.
public policy - answer- government action designed to address the demands of a set
of citizens to resolve a social issue.
accountability - answer- "the consent of the governed" can be pursued by
government and non-government entities alike.
efficiency - answer- whether resources, time, and energy of a program are delivering
the best policy outcomes.
Federalism - answer- system of shared powers in which state governments shifted
some of their original powers to the national government and local governments
receive charters from the stat.
stakeholders - answer- individuals whose interests are at stake or affected by a
given policy.
collective action dilemmas - answer- micro-level incentives that prevent individuals
from organizing to advocate for benefits individually even though they may extract
those collectively.
Solution: provide individuals with selective incentives for participating in groups
activities.
policy entrepreneurs - answer- an individual who advocates, organizes, or attempts
to define a policy problem or solution.
dominant policy image - answer- image most citizens think of when a phrase or
policy is mentioned.
policy window - answer- where political and policy pressures align momentarily to
allow some set of policy problems and solutions to meet. Allows for an opportunity of
actual policy change.
policy demands - answer- pressures placed upon leaders and policymakers that
change the costs of their inaction.
credible action - answer- promised or threatened action that the action's target
believes will be carried out with a high probablity.
agenda setting - answer- process which formal institutional centers of power will take
up and potentially act on a policy solution.
, advocacy coalitions - answer- policy subsystems that share policy beliefs and
coordinate their activities to achieve similar policy goals. Try to alter behavior of
government authorities.
technical complexity - answer- level of knowledge required to understand a policy
area.
policy salience - answer- number of citizens likely to be affected by a policy in a
significant way.
policy evaluation - answer- systematic investigation of the effects of a policy on its
intended social target, prior to action.
program evaluation - answer- systematic investigation of effects of a program on its
intended social target once enacted.
policy neutral - answer- the analyst must guard an against injecting their own beliefs
into the analytical process.
model of public policy - answer- simplified representation of causal relationships that
link any number of policy inputs with a policy output or interest.
policy stages - answer- 1. Problem identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formulation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
causal relationship - answer- an outcome variable has changed due to an exposure
to an input variable.
necessary condition - answer- whenever we observe Y, we must also observe X. If X
is a necessary condition.
sufficient condition - answer- cause some outcome Y, then if we observe presence of
X we must observe Y. If X is a sufficient condition.
conditional causality - answer- when the effect of one variable X on Y is moderated
by the effect of another variable, Z.
deterministic relationship - answer- one that will always produce the same output
from a treatment or initial state. (everytime we have X we have Y.)
probabilistic relationship - answer- will produce an output from a treatment or initial
state with some probability. (X increases likelihood of Y)
generalizable model - answer- not context specific
AND ANSWERS
study of public policy - answer- systematic scientific analysis of government activity
including laws, regulations, funding priorities and its influence on society.
public policy - answer- government action designed to address the demands of a set
of citizens to resolve a social issue.
accountability - answer- "the consent of the governed" can be pursued by
government and non-government entities alike.
efficiency - answer- whether resources, time, and energy of a program are delivering
the best policy outcomes.
Federalism - answer- system of shared powers in which state governments shifted
some of their original powers to the national government and local governments
receive charters from the stat.
stakeholders - answer- individuals whose interests are at stake or affected by a
given policy.
collective action dilemmas - answer- micro-level incentives that prevent individuals
from organizing to advocate for benefits individually even though they may extract
those collectively.
Solution: provide individuals with selective incentives for participating in groups
activities.
policy entrepreneurs - answer- an individual who advocates, organizes, or attempts
to define a policy problem or solution.
dominant policy image - answer- image most citizens think of when a phrase or
policy is mentioned.
policy window - answer- where political and policy pressures align momentarily to
allow some set of policy problems and solutions to meet. Allows for an opportunity of
actual policy change.
policy demands - answer- pressures placed upon leaders and policymakers that
change the costs of their inaction.
credible action - answer- promised or threatened action that the action's target
believes will be carried out with a high probablity.
agenda setting - answer- process which formal institutional centers of power will take
up and potentially act on a policy solution.
, advocacy coalitions - answer- policy subsystems that share policy beliefs and
coordinate their activities to achieve similar policy goals. Try to alter behavior of
government authorities.
technical complexity - answer- level of knowledge required to understand a policy
area.
policy salience - answer- number of citizens likely to be affected by a policy in a
significant way.
policy evaluation - answer- systematic investigation of the effects of a policy on its
intended social target, prior to action.
program evaluation - answer- systematic investigation of effects of a program on its
intended social target once enacted.
policy neutral - answer- the analyst must guard an against injecting their own beliefs
into the analytical process.
model of public policy - answer- simplified representation of causal relationships that
link any number of policy inputs with a policy output or interest.
policy stages - answer- 1. Problem identification
2. Agenda Setting
3. Policy Formulation
4. Alternative Formulation
5. Policy Selection
6. Policy Implementation
7. Policy Evaluation
causal relationship - answer- an outcome variable has changed due to an exposure
to an input variable.
necessary condition - answer- whenever we observe Y, we must also observe X. If X
is a necessary condition.
sufficient condition - answer- cause some outcome Y, then if we observe presence of
X we must observe Y. If X is a sufficient condition.
conditional causality - answer- when the effect of one variable X on Y is moderated
by the effect of another variable, Z.
deterministic relationship - answer- one that will always produce the same output
from a treatment or initial state. (everytime we have X we have Y.)
probabilistic relationship - answer- will produce an output from a treatment or initial
state with some probability. (X increases likelihood of Y)
generalizable model - answer- not context specific
