Virtual SC- Government CP final exam vocab Fully Solved || 2026/27

Unit 1 - CORRECT ANSWER government - CORRECT ANSWER The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER supreme power or authority Federal Reserve System - CORRECT ANSWER The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates Brain Trust - CORRECT ANSWER Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They were more influential than the Cabinet. Great Society - CORRECT ANSWER President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. Legitimacy - CORRECT ANSWER the hereditary right of a monarch to rule authority - CORRECT ANSWER the right to use power citizens - CORRECT ANSWER People who had the right to participate in government Monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a king or queen Oligarchy - CORRECT ANSWER A government ruled by a few powerful people Aristocracy - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility Rule by Law - CORRECT ANSWER recognition that laws exist and all are subject to them equally Justian code - CORRECT ANSWER a set of laws, written by the Byzantine Empire Justinian, that served the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them absolute power - CORRECT ANSWER complete control over someone or something Indirect Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf Direct Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives Federalist Papers - CORRECT ANSWER A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. Natural Law - CORRECT ANSWER A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason. Democratic Centralism - CORRECT ANSWER The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite. free enterprise - CORRECT ANSWER Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. centralized government - CORRECT ANSWER A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject individual freedom - CORRECT ANSWER free to do whatever you want as long as it doesnt infringe on others freedom liberty - CORRECT ANSWER Freedom from government control equality - CORRECT ANSWER the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities. Justice - CORRECT ANSWER Respecting the rights of others and giving them what is rightfully theirs John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Karl Marx - CORRECT ANSWER . 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society. Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. Franklin Roosevelt - CORRECT ANSWER President of the US during Great Depression and World War II Lyndon B. Johnson - CORRECT ANSWER signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid. Machiavelli - CORRECT ANSWER Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means." Napoleon Bonaparte - CORRECT ANSWER Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. James Madison - CORRECT ANSWER "Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States. Vladimir Lenin - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed. Montesquieu - CORRECT ANSWER French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers () Rousseau - CORRECT ANSWER () Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms. Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract." Unit 2 - CORRECT ANSWER philosophies - CORRECT ANSWER A set of views and theories related to knowledge and ideas Charters - CORRECT ANSWER Documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area colonial legislatures - CORRECT ANSWER In every colony the lower of these two houses was elected; this lower house controlled taxes. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut were the upper houses elected. Pilgrims - CORRECT ANSWER English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620 Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought trade - CORRECT ANSWER Exchange of goods and services Taxation - CORRECT ANSWER Money raised to provide services for the common good of the community/country Social Contract - CORRECT ANSWER A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. tyrannical government - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership taken and directed by force, often with bloodshed; an oppressive regime. Checks and Balances - CORRECT ANSWER A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power Congress - CORRECT ANSWER the legislature of the United States government Federalism - CORRECT ANSWER A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER A change in, or addition to, a constitution or law Bill of Rights - CORRECT ANSWER First 10 amendments to the Constitution Supremacy Clause - CORRECT ANSWER Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. Elastic Clause - CORRECT ANSWER Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.