ORAL PATHOLOGY QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔Tumors - ✔✔also known as neoplasms; any mass of tissue that grows beyond the
normal size and serves no useful purpose (maybe benign or malignant)
✔✔Leukoplakia - ✔✔general term that means "white patch."Commonly linked to chronic
irritation or trauma; Very often precedes the development of a malignant tumor
✔✔To be classified as leukoplakia - ✔✔the lesion should be firmly attached to the
underlying tissue, and rubbing or scraping with an instrument should not remove it.
✔✔Leukoplakia may result from - ✔✔the use of smokeless tobacco, poorly fitting
dentures, or cheek biting
✔✔Lichen Planus - ✔✔Benign, chronic disease that affects the skin and oral mucosa;
cause remains unknown
✔✔Wickham's striae - ✔✔characteristic pattern of circles and interconnecting lines
found in lichen plants lesions
✔✔Candidiasis - ✔✔superficial infection caused by the yeastlike fungus Candida
albicans; MOST COMMON oral fungal infection but DOES NOT usually occur in healthy
general population
✔✔Candidiasis can result from - ✔✔antibiotic therapy, diabetes, xerostomia, and
weakened immunologic reaction; It also may be the INITAL CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION for patients with AIDS
✔✔Candidiasis is accompanied by - ✔✔discomfort or pain, halitosis (unpleasant breath
odor), and dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste)
✔✔Diaper rash, vaginitis, and thrush are other common types of - ✔✔candidiasis
✔✔Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (AKA Thrush) - ✔✔creamy white plaques
(resembling cottage cheese or curdled milk) form in the mouth; accompanied by a
burning sensation, an unpleasant taste, or the feeling of "blisters forming in the mouth"
✔✔Plaques can be scraped off, and they rarely bleed when they are removed. When
bleeding does occur, the patient likely has an additional mucosal problem. -
✔✔thrush/pseudomembranous candidiasis
✔✔Thrush/ Pseudomembranous candidiasis seen in babies is called - ✔✔infantile
candidiasis
, ✔✔Hyperplastic Candidiasis - ✔✔appears as a white plaque that cannot be removed by
scraping. This form is most often found on the BUCCAL MUCOSA patients infected with
(HIV)
✔✔Hyperplastic Candidiasis treatment - ✔✔antifungal therapy begins to resolve the
infection within 2 to 3 days, with complete clearing noted after 10 to 14 days
✔✔If Candidiasis lesions are still present after 14 days of treatment or recur quickly -
✔✔further investigation is necessary to rule out endocrine disturbances or immunologic
deficiencies.
✔✔Atrophic Candidiasis also known as - ✔✔erythematous candidiasis
✔✔Atrophic candidiasis - ✔✔smooth red patches may appear on the dorsal areas of the
tongue and palate; patient may report that the mouth feels scalded or burned, "like
swallowing something too hot."
✔✔Usually appears after the patient has been taking a BROAD-SPECTRUM antibiotic -
✔✔Atrophic candidiasis/erythematous candidiasis
✔✔What broad spectrum antibiotics may cause atrophic candidas - ✔✔Ampicillin,
Amoxicillin, Tetracyclines
✔✔Aphthous Ulcers - ✔✔Also known as canker sores; common form of oral mucosal
ulceration
✔✔Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) - ✔✔a disease that causes recurring outbreaks
of blister-like sores inside the mouth and on the lips;
✔✔Minor RAU - ✔✔mildest form of RAU represents 90 percent of all cases. Patients
usually experience recurring episodes fewer than six times a year, and the lesions
typically heal within 7 to 10 days
✔✔Major RAU - ✔✔occurs in only about 10 percent of cases, is characterized by more
frequent outbreaks of larger, deeper ulcers that take longer to heal. This is found most
often in patients with a compromised immune system.
✔✔The patient with major RAU - ✔✔often debilitated (weakened) because these sores
make eating and drinking difficult.
✔✔Cellulitis - ✔✔condition in which an inflammation is uncontrolled within a localized
area; associated with oral infections, such as abscessed teeth.
GRADED A+
✔✔Tumors - ✔✔also known as neoplasms; any mass of tissue that grows beyond the
normal size and serves no useful purpose (maybe benign or malignant)
✔✔Leukoplakia - ✔✔general term that means "white patch."Commonly linked to chronic
irritation or trauma; Very often precedes the development of a malignant tumor
✔✔To be classified as leukoplakia - ✔✔the lesion should be firmly attached to the
underlying tissue, and rubbing or scraping with an instrument should not remove it.
✔✔Leukoplakia may result from - ✔✔the use of smokeless tobacco, poorly fitting
dentures, or cheek biting
✔✔Lichen Planus - ✔✔Benign, chronic disease that affects the skin and oral mucosa;
cause remains unknown
✔✔Wickham's striae - ✔✔characteristic pattern of circles and interconnecting lines
found in lichen plants lesions
✔✔Candidiasis - ✔✔superficial infection caused by the yeastlike fungus Candida
albicans; MOST COMMON oral fungal infection but DOES NOT usually occur in healthy
general population
✔✔Candidiasis can result from - ✔✔antibiotic therapy, diabetes, xerostomia, and
weakened immunologic reaction; It also may be the INITAL CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION for patients with AIDS
✔✔Candidiasis is accompanied by - ✔✔discomfort or pain, halitosis (unpleasant breath
odor), and dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste)
✔✔Diaper rash, vaginitis, and thrush are other common types of - ✔✔candidiasis
✔✔Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (AKA Thrush) - ✔✔creamy white plaques
(resembling cottage cheese or curdled milk) form in the mouth; accompanied by a
burning sensation, an unpleasant taste, or the feeling of "blisters forming in the mouth"
✔✔Plaques can be scraped off, and they rarely bleed when they are removed. When
bleeding does occur, the patient likely has an additional mucosal problem. -
✔✔thrush/pseudomembranous candidiasis
✔✔Thrush/ Pseudomembranous candidiasis seen in babies is called - ✔✔infantile
candidiasis
, ✔✔Hyperplastic Candidiasis - ✔✔appears as a white plaque that cannot be removed by
scraping. This form is most often found on the BUCCAL MUCOSA patients infected with
(HIV)
✔✔Hyperplastic Candidiasis treatment - ✔✔antifungal therapy begins to resolve the
infection within 2 to 3 days, with complete clearing noted after 10 to 14 days
✔✔If Candidiasis lesions are still present after 14 days of treatment or recur quickly -
✔✔further investigation is necessary to rule out endocrine disturbances or immunologic
deficiencies.
✔✔Atrophic Candidiasis also known as - ✔✔erythematous candidiasis
✔✔Atrophic candidiasis - ✔✔smooth red patches may appear on the dorsal areas of the
tongue and palate; patient may report that the mouth feels scalded or burned, "like
swallowing something too hot."
✔✔Usually appears after the patient has been taking a BROAD-SPECTRUM antibiotic -
✔✔Atrophic candidiasis/erythematous candidiasis
✔✔What broad spectrum antibiotics may cause atrophic candidas - ✔✔Ampicillin,
Amoxicillin, Tetracyclines
✔✔Aphthous Ulcers - ✔✔Also known as canker sores; common form of oral mucosal
ulceration
✔✔Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) - ✔✔a disease that causes recurring outbreaks
of blister-like sores inside the mouth and on the lips;
✔✔Minor RAU - ✔✔mildest form of RAU represents 90 percent of all cases. Patients
usually experience recurring episodes fewer than six times a year, and the lesions
typically heal within 7 to 10 days
✔✔Major RAU - ✔✔occurs in only about 10 percent of cases, is characterized by more
frequent outbreaks of larger, deeper ulcers that take longer to heal. This is found most
often in patients with a compromised immune system.
✔✔The patient with major RAU - ✔✔often debilitated (weakened) because these sores
make eating and drinking difficult.
✔✔Cellulitis - ✔✔condition in which an inflammation is uncontrolled within a localized
area; associated with oral infections, such as abscessed teeth.
