Nagelhout Pharmacology Exam 1 Review
Questions and Answers Latest 2025
Pharmacology
** the study of the effect of chemicals on living tissue
Pharmacokinetics
** the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
Pharmaceutics
** the formulation and preparation of drugs
pharmacoeconomics
** the study of the economic impact of drugs
toxicology
** the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
pharmacognosy
** the study of the medicinal uses of naturally occurring compounds
pharmacy
** the preparation and dispensing of drugs
pharmacogenetics
** genetic influences by and on drugs
pharmacodynamics
** physiological and biochemical mechanism of action of drugs
(e.g. receptor theory)
,pharmacogenomics
** identifies discrete genetic differences among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
pharmacoepidemiology
** is the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people
ED50
** Effective dose in 50% of the population
TD50
** Toxic Dose in 50% of the population
LD50
** Lethal Dose in 50% of the population
Therapeutic index
** LD50/ED50
Therapeutic window
** TD50/ED50
Two types of ligands
** Agonist or Antagonist
Reversible binding of ligands is called
** competitive
non-reversible binding of ligands is called
** noncompetitive
5 types of chemical bonds in order of increasing strength
, ** van der waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
5 types of chemical bonds in order of decreasing strength
** covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der waals
Occupation of receptors by ligands is governed by:
** affinity
Activation of receptors by ligands is governed by:
** efficacy
A dose response curve can show:
** Affinity (potency), Efficacy, Variability, Slope
Up regulation
** an increase in receptor proteins as a response to chronic blockade
Down regulation
** Desensitization (refractoriness) following continued stimulation (agonists). Chronic beta
stimulant use for asthma resulting in increased dose necessary is an example
Drug Interaction
** Alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent administration of other exogenous
chemicals
1+1 = 2
** Addition; The combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that
expected by simple addition of their individual actions
Ex) midazolam + diazepam
1+1=3
** synergism; The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individuals effects
Questions and Answers Latest 2025
Pharmacology
** the study of the effect of chemicals on living tissue
Pharmacokinetics
** the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
Pharmaceutics
** the formulation and preparation of drugs
pharmacoeconomics
** the study of the economic impact of drugs
toxicology
** the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
pharmacognosy
** the study of the medicinal uses of naturally occurring compounds
pharmacy
** the preparation and dispensing of drugs
pharmacogenetics
** genetic influences by and on drugs
pharmacodynamics
** physiological and biochemical mechanism of action of drugs
(e.g. receptor theory)
,pharmacogenomics
** identifies discrete genetic differences among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
pharmacoepidemiology
** is the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people
ED50
** Effective dose in 50% of the population
TD50
** Toxic Dose in 50% of the population
LD50
** Lethal Dose in 50% of the population
Therapeutic index
** LD50/ED50
Therapeutic window
** TD50/ED50
Two types of ligands
** Agonist or Antagonist
Reversible binding of ligands is called
** competitive
non-reversible binding of ligands is called
** noncompetitive
5 types of chemical bonds in order of increasing strength
, ** van der waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
5 types of chemical bonds in order of decreasing strength
** covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der waals
Occupation of receptors by ligands is governed by:
** affinity
Activation of receptors by ligands is governed by:
** efficacy
A dose response curve can show:
** Affinity (potency), Efficacy, Variability, Slope
Up regulation
** an increase in receptor proteins as a response to chronic blockade
Down regulation
** Desensitization (refractoriness) following continued stimulation (agonists). Chronic beta
stimulant use for asthma resulting in increased dose necessary is an example
Drug Interaction
** Alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent administration of other exogenous
chemicals
1+1 = 2
** Addition; The combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that
expected by simple addition of their individual actions
Ex) midazolam + diazepam
1+1=3
** synergism; The combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individuals effects
