TEST BANK
BUSHONG’S RADIOLOGIC SCIENCE FOR
TECHNOLOGISTS: PHYSICS, BIOLOGY, AND
PROTECTION
,Table Of Contents
Part I: Radiologic Physics
1. Essential Concepts Of Radiologic Science
2. Basic Physics Primer
3. The Structure Of Matter
4. Electromagnetic Energy
5. Electricity, Magnetism, And Electromagnetism
Part Ii: X-Radiation
6. The X-Ray Imaging System
7. The X-Ray Tube
8. X-Ray Production
9. X-Ray Emission
10. X-Ray Interaction With Matter
Part Iii: X-Ray Imaging
11. Computed Radiography
12. Digital Radiography
13. Digital Radiographic Technique
14. Image Acquisition
15. Scatter Radiation
16. Digital Image Descriptors And Evaluation
17. Radiographic Artifacts
Part Iv: Advanced Medical Imaging
18. Mammography
19. Fluoroscopy
20. Interventional Radiology
21. Computed Tomography
22. Tomosynthesis
Part V: Medical Image Display
23. Patient-Image Optimization
24. Viewing The Medical Image
25. Medical Image Informatics
26. Digital Display Device
Part Vi: The Medical Image
27. Imaging Science
28. Artificial Intelligence
29. Quantum Computing
30. Image Perception
Part Vii: Radiobiology
31. Human Biology
32. Fundamental Principles Of Radiobiology
33. Molecular Radiobiology
34. Cellular Radiobiology
35. Deterministic Effects Of Radiation
36. Stochastic Effects Of Radiation
Part Viii: Radiation Protection
37. Health Physics
38. Designing For Radiation Protection
39. Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose
40. Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose
41. Patient Radiation Dose Management
42. Occupational Radiation Dose Management
,Chapter 01: Essential Concepts Of Radiologic Science
Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 13th
Edition
Multiple Choice
1. Matter Is Measured In .
a. Kilograms
b. Joules
c. Electron Volts
d. Rems
ANSWER: A
Matter Is Measured In Kilograms.
2. Atoms And Molecules Are The Fundamental Building Blocks Of .
a. Energy
b. Radiation
c. Matter
d. Gravity
ANSWER: C
Atoms And Molecules Are The Fundamental Building Blocks Of Matter.
3. Ice And Steam Are Examples Of Two Forms Of .
a. Matter
b. Radiation
c. Energy
d. Work
ANSWER: A
Ice And Steam Are Examples Of Two Forms Of Matter.
2
4. The Formula E = Mc Is The Basis For The Theory That Led To The Development Of .
a. X-Rays
b. Electromagnetic Radiation
c. Nuclear Power
d. Cathode Ray Tubes
ANSWER: C
The Formula E = Mc2 Is The Basis For The Theory That Led To The
Development Of Nuclear Power.
5. Radio Waves, Light, And X-Rays Are All Examples Of Energy.
a. Nuclear
b. Thermal
c. Electrical
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: D
Electromagnetic Energy Includes Radio Waves, Light, And X-Rays As Well As
Other Parts Of The Spectrum.
, 6. A Moving Object Has Energy.
a. Potential
b. Kinetic
c. Nuclear
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: B
A Moving Object Has Kinetic Energy.
7. What Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom Called?
a. Ionization
b. Pair Production
c. Irradiation
d. Electricity
ANSWER: A
The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom Is Called Ionization.
8. Ionizing Radiation Is Capable Of Removing From Atoms As It Passes Through
The Matter.
a. Neutrons
b. Protons
c. Electrons
d. Ions
ANSWER: C
Ionizing Radiation Is Capable Of Removing Electrons From Atoms As It Passes
Through The Matter.
9. The Energy Of X-Rays Is _ .
a. Thermal
b. Potential
c. Kinetic
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: D
X-Rays Are A Form Of Electromagnetic Energy.
10. The Biggest Source Of Man-Made Ionizing Radiation Exposure To The Public Is
.
a. Atomic Fallout
b. Diagnostic X-Rays
c. Smoke Detectors
d. Nuclear Power Plants
ANSWER: B
Medical X-Ray Exposure Is The Biggest Source Of Man-Made Radiation.
11. In The United States, We Are Exposed To _ Msv/Year Of Ionizing Radiation From
The Natural Environment.
a. 0 To 5
b. 5 To 20
c. 20 To 90
, d. 100 To 300
ANSWER: A
We Are Exposed To About 3 Msv/Yr Of Ionizing Radiation From Natural
Environmental Sources In The United States.
12. Is A Special Quantity Of Radiologic Science.
a. Mass
b. Velocity
c. Radioactivity
d. Momentum
ANSWER: C
Radioactivity Is A Special Quantity Of Radiologic Science.
13. Today, Radiology Is Considered To Be A(N) Occupation.
a. Safe
b. Unsafe
c. Dangerous
d. High-Risk
ANSWER: A
Today, Radiology Is Considered To Be A Safe Occupation Because Of Effective
Radiation Protection Practices.
14. What Does Alara Mean?
a. All Level Alert Radiation Accident
b. As Low As Reasonably Achievable
c. Always Leave A Restricted Area
d. As Low As Regulations Allow
ANSWER: B
Alara Means As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
15. Computed Tomography Was Developed In The .
a. 1890s
b. 1920s
c. 1970s
d. 1990s
ANSWER: C
Computed Tomography Was Developed In The 1970s.
16. Filtration Is Used To .
a. Absorb Low-Energy X-Rays
b. Remove High-Energy X-Rays
c. Restrict The Useful Beam To The Body Part Imaged
d. Fabricate Gonadal Shields
ANSWER: A
Filtration Is Used To Absorb Low-Energy X-Rays.
, True/False
1. Mass Is The Quantity Of Matter As Described By Its Energy Equivalence.
ANSWER: T
Mass Is The Quantity Of Matter As Described By Its Energy Equivalence.
2. Radiation Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom.
ANSWER: F
Ionization Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom.
3. Radiology Emerged As A Medical Specialty Because Of The Snook Transformer And The
Crookes X-Ray Tube.
ANSWER: F
Radiology Emerged As A Medical Specialty Because Of The Snook
Transformer And The Coolidge X-Ray Tube.
Chapter 02: Basic Physics Primer
Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 13th Edition
Multiple Choice
1. The Basic Quantities Measured In Mechanics Are _ , , And .
a. Volume; Length; Meters
b. Mass; Length; Time
c. Radioactivity; Dose; Exposure
d. Meters; Kilos; Seconds
ANSWER: B
The Basic Quantities Measured In Mechanics Are Mass, Length, And Time.
2. An Example Of A Derived Quantity In Mechanical Physics Is A .
a. Meter
b. Second
c. Dose
d. Volume
ANSWER: D
Volume Is A Derived Unit.
3. Exposure Is Measured In Units Of .
a. Becquerel
b. Sieverts
c. Meters
d. Grays
ANSWER: D
, Exposure Is Measured In Units Of Grays.
4. What Is The Decimal Equivalent Of The Proper Fraction 4/1000?
a. 0004
b. 004
c. 04
d. 4
ANSWER: B
The Decimal Equivalent Of The Proper Fraction 4/1000 Is .004.
5. What Is The Decimal Equivalent Of The Improper Fraction 289/74?
a. 390
b. 3.90
c. 39.0
d. 390.0
ANSWER: B
The Decimal Equivalent Of The Improper Fraction 289/74 Is 3.90.
6. The First Step To Expressing A Number In Scientific Notation Is To .
a. Round Up To The Nearest 1000
b. Round Down To The Nearest 1000
c. Write The Number In Decimal Form
d. Write The Number As A Fraction
ANSWER: C
The First Step To Expressing A Number In Scientific Notation Is To Write The
Number In Decimal Form.
7. What Is 6080 In Exponential Form?
a. 6080.0 104
b. 608.0 104
c. 6.080 103
d. 6080 103
ANSWER: C
The Number 6080 In Exponential Form Is 6.080 103
8. Graphs Are Typically Based On Two Axes; A And A .
a. Y-Axis; Z-Axis
b. Oblique; Horizontal
c. X-Axis; Y-Axis
d. Vertical; Oblique
ANSWER: C
Most Graphs Are Based On Two Axes: A Horizontal Or X-Axis And A Vertical
Or Y-Axis.
9. In Radiologic Science, All Of The Following Are Special Quantities, Except:
a. Exposure.
b. Distance.
c. Dose.
, d. Effective Dose.
ANSWER: B
In Radiologic Science, Special Quantities Are Those Of Exposure, Dose, Effective
Dose, And Radioactivity.
10. Mass Density Should Be Reported In Which Units?
a. Coulomb/Kilogram
b. Newtons Per Square Meter
c. Kilograms Per Cubic Meter
d. Kilograms Per Square Meter
ANSWER: C
Mass Density Should Be Reported With Units Of Kilograms Per Cubic Meter
(Kg/M3).
11. The Si Unit Of Velocity Is .
a. Meters Per Second
b. Miles Per Hour
c. Meters Per Millisecond
d. Kilometers Per Second
ANSWER: C
Units Of Velocity In Si Are Meters Per Second (M/S).
12. An Object At Rest Will If No Outside Forces Are Applied.
a. Stay At Rest
b. Decrease Mass
c. Increase Velocity
d. Decrease Velocity
ANSWER: A
An Object At Rest Will Stay At Rest If No Outside Forces Are Applied.
13. Which Of The Following Explains The Difference Between Speed And Velocity?
a. One Has Motion, And The Other Does Not.
b. One Involves Acceleration, And The Other Does Not.
c. One Involves Time, And The Other Does Not.
d. One Has Direction, And The Other Does Not.
ANSWER: B
Velocity Includes Acceleration And Speed Does Not. Speed Is The Rate At Which
An Object Covers Distance.
14. For Every Action, There Is An Equal And Opposite Reaction, This Describes Which Newton’s
Law?
a. Newton’s First Law Of Motion
b. Newton’s Second Law Of Motion
c. Newton’s Third Law Of Motion
d. Newton’s Law Of Inertia
ANSWER: C
Newton's Third Law Of Motion States That For Every Action, There Is An
Equal And Opposite Reaction.
BUSHONG’S RADIOLOGIC SCIENCE FOR
TECHNOLOGISTS: PHYSICS, BIOLOGY, AND
PROTECTION
,Table Of Contents
Part I: Radiologic Physics
1. Essential Concepts Of Radiologic Science
2. Basic Physics Primer
3. The Structure Of Matter
4. Electromagnetic Energy
5. Electricity, Magnetism, And Electromagnetism
Part Ii: X-Radiation
6. The X-Ray Imaging System
7. The X-Ray Tube
8. X-Ray Production
9. X-Ray Emission
10. X-Ray Interaction With Matter
Part Iii: X-Ray Imaging
11. Computed Radiography
12. Digital Radiography
13. Digital Radiographic Technique
14. Image Acquisition
15. Scatter Radiation
16. Digital Image Descriptors And Evaluation
17. Radiographic Artifacts
Part Iv: Advanced Medical Imaging
18. Mammography
19. Fluoroscopy
20. Interventional Radiology
21. Computed Tomography
22. Tomosynthesis
Part V: Medical Image Display
23. Patient-Image Optimization
24. Viewing The Medical Image
25. Medical Image Informatics
26. Digital Display Device
Part Vi: The Medical Image
27. Imaging Science
28. Artificial Intelligence
29. Quantum Computing
30. Image Perception
Part Vii: Radiobiology
31. Human Biology
32. Fundamental Principles Of Radiobiology
33. Molecular Radiobiology
34. Cellular Radiobiology
35. Deterministic Effects Of Radiation
36. Stochastic Effects Of Radiation
Part Viii: Radiation Protection
37. Health Physics
38. Designing For Radiation Protection
39. Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose
40. Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose
41. Patient Radiation Dose Management
42. Occupational Radiation Dose Management
,Chapter 01: Essential Concepts Of Radiologic Science
Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 13th
Edition
Multiple Choice
1. Matter Is Measured In .
a. Kilograms
b. Joules
c. Electron Volts
d. Rems
ANSWER: A
Matter Is Measured In Kilograms.
2. Atoms And Molecules Are The Fundamental Building Blocks Of .
a. Energy
b. Radiation
c. Matter
d. Gravity
ANSWER: C
Atoms And Molecules Are The Fundamental Building Blocks Of Matter.
3. Ice And Steam Are Examples Of Two Forms Of .
a. Matter
b. Radiation
c. Energy
d. Work
ANSWER: A
Ice And Steam Are Examples Of Two Forms Of Matter.
2
4. The Formula E = Mc Is The Basis For The Theory That Led To The Development Of .
a. X-Rays
b. Electromagnetic Radiation
c. Nuclear Power
d. Cathode Ray Tubes
ANSWER: C
The Formula E = Mc2 Is The Basis For The Theory That Led To The
Development Of Nuclear Power.
5. Radio Waves, Light, And X-Rays Are All Examples Of Energy.
a. Nuclear
b. Thermal
c. Electrical
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: D
Electromagnetic Energy Includes Radio Waves, Light, And X-Rays As Well As
Other Parts Of The Spectrum.
, 6. A Moving Object Has Energy.
a. Potential
b. Kinetic
c. Nuclear
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: B
A Moving Object Has Kinetic Energy.
7. What Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom Called?
a. Ionization
b. Pair Production
c. Irradiation
d. Electricity
ANSWER: A
The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom Is Called Ionization.
8. Ionizing Radiation Is Capable Of Removing From Atoms As It Passes Through
The Matter.
a. Neutrons
b. Protons
c. Electrons
d. Ions
ANSWER: C
Ionizing Radiation Is Capable Of Removing Electrons From Atoms As It Passes
Through The Matter.
9. The Energy Of X-Rays Is _ .
a. Thermal
b. Potential
c. Kinetic
d. Electromagnetic
ANSWER: D
X-Rays Are A Form Of Electromagnetic Energy.
10. The Biggest Source Of Man-Made Ionizing Radiation Exposure To The Public Is
.
a. Atomic Fallout
b. Diagnostic X-Rays
c. Smoke Detectors
d. Nuclear Power Plants
ANSWER: B
Medical X-Ray Exposure Is The Biggest Source Of Man-Made Radiation.
11. In The United States, We Are Exposed To _ Msv/Year Of Ionizing Radiation From
The Natural Environment.
a. 0 To 5
b. 5 To 20
c. 20 To 90
, d. 100 To 300
ANSWER: A
We Are Exposed To About 3 Msv/Yr Of Ionizing Radiation From Natural
Environmental Sources In The United States.
12. Is A Special Quantity Of Radiologic Science.
a. Mass
b. Velocity
c. Radioactivity
d. Momentum
ANSWER: C
Radioactivity Is A Special Quantity Of Radiologic Science.
13. Today, Radiology Is Considered To Be A(N) Occupation.
a. Safe
b. Unsafe
c. Dangerous
d. High-Risk
ANSWER: A
Today, Radiology Is Considered To Be A Safe Occupation Because Of Effective
Radiation Protection Practices.
14. What Does Alara Mean?
a. All Level Alert Radiation Accident
b. As Low As Reasonably Achievable
c. Always Leave A Restricted Area
d. As Low As Regulations Allow
ANSWER: B
Alara Means As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
15. Computed Tomography Was Developed In The .
a. 1890s
b. 1920s
c. 1970s
d. 1990s
ANSWER: C
Computed Tomography Was Developed In The 1970s.
16. Filtration Is Used To .
a. Absorb Low-Energy X-Rays
b. Remove High-Energy X-Rays
c. Restrict The Useful Beam To The Body Part Imaged
d. Fabricate Gonadal Shields
ANSWER: A
Filtration Is Used To Absorb Low-Energy X-Rays.
, True/False
1. Mass Is The Quantity Of Matter As Described By Its Energy Equivalence.
ANSWER: T
Mass Is The Quantity Of Matter As Described By Its Energy Equivalence.
2. Radiation Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom.
ANSWER: F
Ionization Is The Removal Of An Electron From An Atom.
3. Radiology Emerged As A Medical Specialty Because Of The Snook Transformer And The
Crookes X-Ray Tube.
ANSWER: F
Radiology Emerged As A Medical Specialty Because Of The Snook
Transformer And The Coolidge X-Ray Tube.
Chapter 02: Basic Physics Primer
Bushong: Radiologic Science For Technologists, 13th Edition
Multiple Choice
1. The Basic Quantities Measured In Mechanics Are _ , , And .
a. Volume; Length; Meters
b. Mass; Length; Time
c. Radioactivity; Dose; Exposure
d. Meters; Kilos; Seconds
ANSWER: B
The Basic Quantities Measured In Mechanics Are Mass, Length, And Time.
2. An Example Of A Derived Quantity In Mechanical Physics Is A .
a. Meter
b. Second
c. Dose
d. Volume
ANSWER: D
Volume Is A Derived Unit.
3. Exposure Is Measured In Units Of .
a. Becquerel
b. Sieverts
c. Meters
d. Grays
ANSWER: D
, Exposure Is Measured In Units Of Grays.
4. What Is The Decimal Equivalent Of The Proper Fraction 4/1000?
a. 0004
b. 004
c. 04
d. 4
ANSWER: B
The Decimal Equivalent Of The Proper Fraction 4/1000 Is .004.
5. What Is The Decimal Equivalent Of The Improper Fraction 289/74?
a. 390
b. 3.90
c. 39.0
d. 390.0
ANSWER: B
The Decimal Equivalent Of The Improper Fraction 289/74 Is 3.90.
6. The First Step To Expressing A Number In Scientific Notation Is To .
a. Round Up To The Nearest 1000
b. Round Down To The Nearest 1000
c. Write The Number In Decimal Form
d. Write The Number As A Fraction
ANSWER: C
The First Step To Expressing A Number In Scientific Notation Is To Write The
Number In Decimal Form.
7. What Is 6080 In Exponential Form?
a. 6080.0 104
b. 608.0 104
c. 6.080 103
d. 6080 103
ANSWER: C
The Number 6080 In Exponential Form Is 6.080 103
8. Graphs Are Typically Based On Two Axes; A And A .
a. Y-Axis; Z-Axis
b. Oblique; Horizontal
c. X-Axis; Y-Axis
d. Vertical; Oblique
ANSWER: C
Most Graphs Are Based On Two Axes: A Horizontal Or X-Axis And A Vertical
Or Y-Axis.
9. In Radiologic Science, All Of The Following Are Special Quantities, Except:
a. Exposure.
b. Distance.
c. Dose.
, d. Effective Dose.
ANSWER: B
In Radiologic Science, Special Quantities Are Those Of Exposure, Dose, Effective
Dose, And Radioactivity.
10. Mass Density Should Be Reported In Which Units?
a. Coulomb/Kilogram
b. Newtons Per Square Meter
c. Kilograms Per Cubic Meter
d. Kilograms Per Square Meter
ANSWER: C
Mass Density Should Be Reported With Units Of Kilograms Per Cubic Meter
(Kg/M3).
11. The Si Unit Of Velocity Is .
a. Meters Per Second
b. Miles Per Hour
c. Meters Per Millisecond
d. Kilometers Per Second
ANSWER: C
Units Of Velocity In Si Are Meters Per Second (M/S).
12. An Object At Rest Will If No Outside Forces Are Applied.
a. Stay At Rest
b. Decrease Mass
c. Increase Velocity
d. Decrease Velocity
ANSWER: A
An Object At Rest Will Stay At Rest If No Outside Forces Are Applied.
13. Which Of The Following Explains The Difference Between Speed And Velocity?
a. One Has Motion, And The Other Does Not.
b. One Involves Acceleration, And The Other Does Not.
c. One Involves Time, And The Other Does Not.
d. One Has Direction, And The Other Does Not.
ANSWER: B
Velocity Includes Acceleration And Speed Does Not. Speed Is The Rate At Which
An Object Covers Distance.
14. For Every Action, There Is An Equal And Opposite Reaction, This Describes Which Newton’s
Law?
a. Newton’s First Law Of Motion
b. Newton’s Second Law Of Motion
c. Newton’s Third Law Of Motion
d. Newton’s Law Of Inertia
ANSWER: C
Newton's Third Law Of Motion States That For Every Action, There Is An
Equal And Opposite Reaction.
