NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2025-2026 COMPLETE EXAM (usmle step
1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION.ALREADY GRADED A+
subclasses of diuretic drugs-1. osmotic diuretics 2. carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors 3. loop diuretics 4. thiazide diuretics 5.
potassium sparing diuretics
thiazide diuretics drugs-chlorothiazide and hydrothiazide
thiazide diuretic site of action-secreted into PCT, inhibit Na and
Cl reabsorption in DCT
use of thiazide diuretics-mainstay drug to tx hypertension (HT)
side effects of thiazide diuretics-hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,
hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
1|Page
,loop diuretic drugs-furosemide
site of action of loop diuretics-secreted in PCT, acts on
ascending loop
action of loop diuretics-inhibit reabsorption of Cl and Na–K–Cl
transporter
uses of loop diuretics-most effective natriuretic and diuretic
agents available
clinical indications for loop diuretics-1. CHF 2. edema 3. HT
side effects of loop diuretics-hypokalemia
K–sparing diuretics drugs-spironolactone
site of action of K–sparing drugs-DCT and collecting duct
action of K–sparing drugs-competitive antagonist of
aldosterone
2|Page
,use of K–sparing drugs-in combo w/ thiazides or loops to
prevent hypokalemia
side effects of K–sparing drugs-hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitor drugs-lisinopril
mech of action of ACE inhibitors-decrease angiotensin II prod
by inhibiting the converting enzyme
use of ACE inhibitors-tx HBP in cases that also involve CHF, HA,
and chronic kidney failure
side effects of ACE inhibitors-dry cough, angioedema and
hyperkalemia
contraindications of ACE inhibitors-2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTERS
OF PREGNANCY
angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs-losartan and valsartan
3|Page
, mech of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers-block
angiotensin II receptor (AT1)
use of angiotensin II receptor blockers-similar to ACE inhibitors
(HT pts w/ left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetic nephropathy)
side effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers-similar to ACE
inhibitors but cough and angioedema are less common
contraindications of angiotensin II receptor blockers-2ND AND
3RD TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
subclasses of anti–lipid drugs-1. bile–acid binding resins 2.
inhibitors of cholesterol absorption 3. inhibitors of VLDL
secretion 4. inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis
bile acid–binding resin drug-cholestyramine
mech of action of bile acid–binding resin-interfere w/
enterohepatic cycline of bile acids which decrease prod. of
cholesterol in liver
4|Page
LATEST 2025-2026 COMPLETE EXAM (usmle step
1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION.ALREADY GRADED A+
subclasses of diuretic drugs-1. osmotic diuretics 2. carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors 3. loop diuretics 4. thiazide diuretics 5.
potassium sparing diuretics
thiazide diuretics drugs-chlorothiazide and hydrothiazide
thiazide diuretic site of action-secreted into PCT, inhibit Na and
Cl reabsorption in DCT
use of thiazide diuretics-mainstay drug to tx hypertension (HT)
side effects of thiazide diuretics-hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,
hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
1|Page
,loop diuretic drugs-furosemide
site of action of loop diuretics-secreted in PCT, acts on
ascending loop
action of loop diuretics-inhibit reabsorption of Cl and Na–K–Cl
transporter
uses of loop diuretics-most effective natriuretic and diuretic
agents available
clinical indications for loop diuretics-1. CHF 2. edema 3. HT
side effects of loop diuretics-hypokalemia
K–sparing diuretics drugs-spironolactone
site of action of K–sparing drugs-DCT and collecting duct
action of K–sparing drugs-competitive antagonist of
aldosterone
2|Page
,use of K–sparing drugs-in combo w/ thiazides or loops to
prevent hypokalemia
side effects of K–sparing drugs-hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitor drugs-lisinopril
mech of action of ACE inhibitors-decrease angiotensin II prod
by inhibiting the converting enzyme
use of ACE inhibitors-tx HBP in cases that also involve CHF, HA,
and chronic kidney failure
side effects of ACE inhibitors-dry cough, angioedema and
hyperkalemia
contraindications of ACE inhibitors-2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTERS
OF PREGNANCY
angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs-losartan and valsartan
3|Page
, mech of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers-block
angiotensin II receptor (AT1)
use of angiotensin II receptor blockers-similar to ACE inhibitors
(HT pts w/ left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetic nephropathy)
side effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers-similar to ACE
inhibitors but cough and angioedema are less common
contraindications of angiotensin II receptor blockers-2ND AND
3RD TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
subclasses of anti–lipid drugs-1. bile–acid binding resins 2.
inhibitors of cholesterol absorption 3. inhibitors of VLDL
secretion 4. inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis
bile acid–binding resin drug-cholestyramine
mech of action of bile acid–binding resin-interfere w/
enterohepatic cycline of bile acids which decrease prod. of
cholesterol in liver
4|Page
