UMKC, Microbiology, Exam 1 Guide
Abbreviations Correct Answer The genus name can be
abbreviated to save space or if the genus name has already been
stated. Example: Staphylococcus aureus can be abbreviated S.
aureus
Acidic solutions Correct Answer When a component
dissolved in water (acid) releases excess
Agar Correct Answer Complex polysaccharide isolated from
the red alga Gelidium. Solid at room temperature, liquefies at
100oC, and once liquefied, does not begin to solidify until it
reaches 42oC. Any medium containing 1% - 5% agar usually
has the word "agar" in its name.
Agar Correct Answer Important in preparing solid culture
media. Natural component of seaweed. Polymer of galactose and
sulfur-containing carbohydrates.
Agricultural Correct Answer Microbes and domesticated
plants and animals. Plant diseases and fertility and animal
diseases.
Algae Correct Answer Photosynthetic, plantlike eukaryotes
that generally lack the complex structure of plants; uni- or
multicellular and inhabit diverse habitats.
Algae Examples Correct Answer Diatoms; look like skeletons
and used for pool filters and cat liter
,American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Correct Answer
Maintains the largest stock of live cultures for study and
experimentation. Freeze dried fungal, bacterial, viral, and algal
cultures.
Amino Acids Correct Answer Organic molecules with
carboxyl and amino groups. They differ in their properties due
to differing side chains, called R groups. Cells use 20 of these to
make thousands of proteins.
Amphipathic molecule Correct Answer Have both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic properties (e.g. phospholipid)
Analytical and Diagnostic tools Correct Answer Genotypic
testing: Detects microbes based on their DNA. Immunologic
testing: Testing the isolate against known antibodies. Inoculation
of a suitable laboratory animal.
Anion Correct Answer A negatively charged ion.
Antibiotics Correct Answer Disrupt the cell wall, and cells
have little protection from lysis.
Antibodies Correct Answer Complex glycoproteins with
specific attachment regions for microorganism.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 to 1723) Correct Answer
Made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabric. Made
drawings of what he called "animalcules" in rainwater and
scraped from his teeth.
,Appendages Correct Answer Common but not present on all
species.
Archae Correct Answer Prokaryotic in general structure.
Share many bacterial characteristics. More closely related to
Domain Eukarya than to bacteria. Share ribosomal RNA
sequences not found in bacteria. Protein synthesis and ribosomal
subunit structures are similar. Most closely related to cells that
originated 4 billion years ago. Live in habitats that are similar to
the extremes found anciently - heat, salt, acid, pH, pressure,
atmosphere. Methane producers, hyperthermophiles(in hot
springs), extreme halophiles(high salt, refer to next slide), and
sulfur reducers.
Archae Differences Correct Answer Certain genetic
sequences are found only in their rRNA. Unique method of
DNA compaction. Unique and chemically distinct cell walls.
Aseptic technique Correct Answer Used to reduce microbes in
a medical setting and prevent wound infections (disinfecting the
hands and the air with strong antiseptic chemicals prior to
surgery).
Aspergillosis Correct Answer A "fungus ball" in an old
tuberculosis cavity in the left upper lung field. The "air-crescent
sign" is the crescent shaped air space around fungus ball, results
from separation of a fragment of necrotic lung from adjacent
viable parenchyma.
Atom Correct Answer A tiny particle that cannot be
subdivided into smaller substances without losing its properties.
, Atomic Mass Correct Answer The number of protons and
neutrons
Atomic Number Correct Answer The number of protons
Bacilli Groupings Correct Answer Diplobacilli: Pairs of cells
with their ends attached. Streptobacilli: Chains of cells.
Palisades: Cells of a chain remain partially attached and fold
back, creating a side-by-side row of cells.
Bacillus, Clostridium, and Sporosarcina Life Cycles Correct
Answer Vegetative cell and an endospore.
Bacteria Correct Answer All nonarchaea prokaryotes with
peptidoglycan in their cell walls and circular chromosome(s).
Bacteria Activities Correct Answer Reproduction,
Metabolism, Nutrient processing.
Bacteria Examples Correct Answer E. coli and streptococcus
thermophilus
Bacteria Groups Correct Answer Colonies and biofilms
Bacteria Isolation Methods Correct Answer 1. quadrant streak
plate : small droplet of culture or sample spread over surface of
the medium with an inoculating loop. Uses a pattern that thins
out the sample and separates the cells. 2. the loop dilution
method : sample inoculated serially into a series of liquid agar
tubes to dilute the number of cells in each successive tubes.
Abbreviations Correct Answer The genus name can be
abbreviated to save space or if the genus name has already been
stated. Example: Staphylococcus aureus can be abbreviated S.
aureus
Acidic solutions Correct Answer When a component
dissolved in water (acid) releases excess
Agar Correct Answer Complex polysaccharide isolated from
the red alga Gelidium. Solid at room temperature, liquefies at
100oC, and once liquefied, does not begin to solidify until it
reaches 42oC. Any medium containing 1% - 5% agar usually
has the word "agar" in its name.
Agar Correct Answer Important in preparing solid culture
media. Natural component of seaweed. Polymer of galactose and
sulfur-containing carbohydrates.
Agricultural Correct Answer Microbes and domesticated
plants and animals. Plant diseases and fertility and animal
diseases.
Algae Correct Answer Photosynthetic, plantlike eukaryotes
that generally lack the complex structure of plants; uni- or
multicellular and inhabit diverse habitats.
Algae Examples Correct Answer Diatoms; look like skeletons
and used for pool filters and cat liter
,American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Correct Answer
Maintains the largest stock of live cultures for study and
experimentation. Freeze dried fungal, bacterial, viral, and algal
cultures.
Amino Acids Correct Answer Organic molecules with
carboxyl and amino groups. They differ in their properties due
to differing side chains, called R groups. Cells use 20 of these to
make thousands of proteins.
Amphipathic molecule Correct Answer Have both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic properties (e.g. phospholipid)
Analytical and Diagnostic tools Correct Answer Genotypic
testing: Detects microbes based on their DNA. Immunologic
testing: Testing the isolate against known antibodies. Inoculation
of a suitable laboratory animal.
Anion Correct Answer A negatively charged ion.
Antibiotics Correct Answer Disrupt the cell wall, and cells
have little protection from lysis.
Antibodies Correct Answer Complex glycoproteins with
specific attachment regions for microorganism.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 to 1723) Correct Answer
Made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabric. Made
drawings of what he called "animalcules" in rainwater and
scraped from his teeth.
,Appendages Correct Answer Common but not present on all
species.
Archae Correct Answer Prokaryotic in general structure.
Share many bacterial characteristics. More closely related to
Domain Eukarya than to bacteria. Share ribosomal RNA
sequences not found in bacteria. Protein synthesis and ribosomal
subunit structures are similar. Most closely related to cells that
originated 4 billion years ago. Live in habitats that are similar to
the extremes found anciently - heat, salt, acid, pH, pressure,
atmosphere. Methane producers, hyperthermophiles(in hot
springs), extreme halophiles(high salt, refer to next slide), and
sulfur reducers.
Archae Differences Correct Answer Certain genetic
sequences are found only in their rRNA. Unique method of
DNA compaction. Unique and chemically distinct cell walls.
Aseptic technique Correct Answer Used to reduce microbes in
a medical setting and prevent wound infections (disinfecting the
hands and the air with strong antiseptic chemicals prior to
surgery).
Aspergillosis Correct Answer A "fungus ball" in an old
tuberculosis cavity in the left upper lung field. The "air-crescent
sign" is the crescent shaped air space around fungus ball, results
from separation of a fragment of necrotic lung from adjacent
viable parenchyma.
Atom Correct Answer A tiny particle that cannot be
subdivided into smaller substances without losing its properties.
, Atomic Mass Correct Answer The number of protons and
neutrons
Atomic Number Correct Answer The number of protons
Bacilli Groupings Correct Answer Diplobacilli: Pairs of cells
with their ends attached. Streptobacilli: Chains of cells.
Palisades: Cells of a chain remain partially attached and fold
back, creating a side-by-side row of cells.
Bacillus, Clostridium, and Sporosarcina Life Cycles Correct
Answer Vegetative cell and an endospore.
Bacteria Correct Answer All nonarchaea prokaryotes with
peptidoglycan in their cell walls and circular chromosome(s).
Bacteria Activities Correct Answer Reproduction,
Metabolism, Nutrient processing.
Bacteria Examples Correct Answer E. coli and streptococcus
thermophilus
Bacteria Groups Correct Answer Colonies and biofilms
Bacteria Isolation Methods Correct Answer 1. quadrant streak
plate : small droplet of culture or sample spread over surface of
the medium with an inoculating loop. Uses a pattern that thins
out the sample and separates the cells. 2. the loop dilution
method : sample inoculated serially into a series of liquid agar
tubes to dilute the number of cells in each successive tubes.
