Diabetes Medications Mechanisms and Side Effects (Smarty PANCE)
Questions and Answers
Decreases hepatic glucose production and exerts its main effect by stimulating glucose-
peripheral glucose utilization?- Metformin dependent insulin release from the pancreatic
(Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet) islets, slows gastric emptying, inhibit
inappropriate post-meal glucagon release, and
Stimulates pancreatic beta cell insulin release reduces food intake?- GLP-1 Agonists -
(insulin secretagogue)?- ● Sulfonylureas - Exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
Glyburide (Glynase), Glipizide (Glucotrol,
Glucotrol XL), Glimepiride (Amaryl) Can cause pancreatitis and renal failure?-
● Meglitinides - Repaglinide (Prandin) and DDP-4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Delays intestinal glucose absorption?- α-
Can cause lactic acidosis?- Metformin Glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose precose and
(Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet) Miglitol glyset)
Metformin contrast media guidelines? - Caution if gastroparesis?- GLP-1 Agonists -
Needs to be discontinued 24 hours before Exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
contrast and resumed 48 hours after with
monitoring for creatinine, stop if creatine is > Dipetpidylpetase inhibition - inhibits degradation
1.5? of GLP-1 so more circulating GLP-1?- DDP-
4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin (Januvia)
May cause hypoglycemia and weight gain?-
Sulfonylureas - Glyburide (Glynase), lowers renal glucose threshold which results in
Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL), Glimepiride increased urinary glucose excretion?-
(Amaryl) SGLT2 Inhibitor - Canagliflozin (Invokana
or Sulisent)
May cause increased LFTs and hepatitis,
diarrhea, and flatulence?- α-Glucosidase
inhibitors (Acarbose precose and Miglitol glyset)
Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral receptor
site adipose and muscle has no effect on
pancreatic beta cells?- Thiazolidinediones -
Pioglitazone (Actos) and Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Causes fluid retention and edema,
cardiovascular toxicity?- Thiazolidinediones
- Pioglitazone (Actos) and Rosiglitazone
(Avandia)
Stimulates pancreatic beta-cell insulin release?-
Meglitinides - Repaglinide (Prandin) and
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Lowers blood sugar by mimicking incretin -
1/1
Questions and Answers
Decreases hepatic glucose production and exerts its main effect by stimulating glucose-
peripheral glucose utilization?- Metformin dependent insulin release from the pancreatic
(Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet) islets, slows gastric emptying, inhibit
inappropriate post-meal glucagon release, and
Stimulates pancreatic beta cell insulin release reduces food intake?- GLP-1 Agonists -
(insulin secretagogue)?- ● Sulfonylureas - Exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
Glyburide (Glynase), Glipizide (Glucotrol,
Glucotrol XL), Glimepiride (Amaryl) Can cause pancreatitis and renal failure?-
● Meglitinides - Repaglinide (Prandin) and DDP-4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Delays intestinal glucose absorption?- α-
Can cause lactic acidosis?- Metformin Glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose precose and
(Glumetza, Glucophage, Fortamet) Miglitol glyset)
Metformin contrast media guidelines? - Caution if gastroparesis?- GLP-1 Agonists -
Needs to be discontinued 24 hours before Exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
contrast and resumed 48 hours after with
monitoring for creatinine, stop if creatine is > Dipetpidylpetase inhibition - inhibits degradation
1.5? of GLP-1 so more circulating GLP-1?- DDP-
4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin (Januvia)
May cause hypoglycemia and weight gain?-
Sulfonylureas - Glyburide (Glynase), lowers renal glucose threshold which results in
Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL), Glimepiride increased urinary glucose excretion?-
(Amaryl) SGLT2 Inhibitor - Canagliflozin (Invokana
or Sulisent)
May cause increased LFTs and hepatitis,
diarrhea, and flatulence?- α-Glucosidase
inhibitors (Acarbose precose and Miglitol glyset)
Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral receptor
site adipose and muscle has no effect on
pancreatic beta cells?- Thiazolidinediones -
Pioglitazone (Actos) and Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Causes fluid retention and edema,
cardiovascular toxicity?- Thiazolidinediones
- Pioglitazone (Actos) and Rosiglitazone
(Avandia)
Stimulates pancreatic beta-cell insulin release?-
Meglitinides - Repaglinide (Prandin) and
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Lowers blood sugar by mimicking incretin -
1/1
