PHI 208 week 1 quiz GRADED A VERIFIED

PHI 208 week 1 quiz 1 Question 1 1 / 1 pts Paulette is a philosopher who is trying to evaluate the strength of a major moral theory. As such, which of the following questions is Paulette LEAST likely to ask about the theory? Does this theory reflect our understanding of what it means to be human? Does this theory explain why we ought to respect a particular set of moral standards? Does this theory offer us good answers to ethical questions? Correct! Does this theory avoid the frustration that can come with exploring ethical issues? Question 2 1 / 1 pts According to the Greek philosopher Socrates, the key ethical question is: What have I been taught to do? Correct! How should one live? What are the laws of my society? Whom can one trust? Question 3 1 / 1 pts The egoist view is that moral standards are only good if they serve Correct! an individual’s self-interest. the interests of the majority. the interests of the minority. the common good of society. Question 4 1 / 1 pts Cultural relativism implies that cultures are isolated from each other. Challenging that assumption, philosopher Mary Midgley says, “all cultures are formed out of many streams.” What does Midgley mean by this? All cultures that were settled near water are more similar than dissimilar. All cultures influence all other cultures equally. Correct! Cultures have always been shaped by their encounters with other cultures. The notion of multiple cultures is a myth; there is only one, single culture. Question 5 1 / 1 pts Jessie tells Adam, “Murder is wrong, no matter what beliefs or traditions a culture has.” Jessie’s idea is an example of applied ethics. metaethics. moral subjectivity. Correct! moral objectivity. Question 6 1 / 1 pts The word “philosophy” literally means “love of ________.” Correct! wisdom winning arguments thinking PHI 208 Chapter 2 Test Bank Questions Skepticism About Ethics Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following activities best illustrates the nature of a dialectical process? a half marathon a piano recital Correct! a tennis match a baseball game Question 8 1 / 1 pts According to the text, from a philosophical standpoint all intentional human action can be broken down into three parts. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Correct! the neural processes in the brain the nature and character of a person performing an action the consequences of an action the nature of an action itself Question 9 1 / 1 pts To which category do arguments regarding the morality of topics like abortion and eating animals belong? normative ethics Correct! applied ethics metaethics deontological ethics Question 10 1 / 1 pts Relativism is a way to acknowledge that much of what we value—and how we think we and others should act—has been significantly shaped by our shared genetic dispositions. Correct! our own culture and upbringing. independent, abstract moral reasoning. direct revelation from a divine power. Question 11 1 / 1 pts In September 2017, Saudi Arabia granted its women the right to drive—the last country on earth to do so. Many people judged this as positive progress. What does this judgment imply about the idea of cultural relativism? It supports cultural relativism because progress simply means change. Correct! It challenges relativism by recognizing an objective standard of women’s rights toward which the country has progressed. It challenges cultural relativism because it confirms that Western values are always the correct ones. It doesn’t challenge cultural relativism because the people making this judgment were probably not sincere. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Between what two types of judgments does a dialectical conversation move? right (moral) and wrong (immoral) popular and unpopular Correct! abstract and concrete persuasive and objective Question 13 1 / 1 pts Regarding human rights, the United Nations challenges the concept of cultural relativism by stating that cultures whose standards differ from Western standards are immoral. the international community must strive to eliminate all cultural and moral differences. Correct! while there are many legitimate cultural variations, all people have certain basic human rights that must be respected. each culture has its own beliefs and practices, all of which must be acknowledged and respected by other cultures. Question 14 1 / 1 pts What is the primary intended purpose of dialectical reasoning? to convince the other person that your thesis or claim is valid Correct! to refine judgments about abstract principles and concrete cases to enjoy the pleasures of intellectual exercise to establish the superiority of abstract principles over concrete judgments Question 15 1 / 1 pts A dialectical process aims at reflective equilibrium, which is best understood as a state of ____________. absolute knowledge moral perfection equality among all views Correct! balance between abstract and concrete judgments Question 16 1 / 1 pts Among the following choices, what is the best indication that a particular ethical theory is strong? Correct! It is consistent. It is popular. It feels right. It is written down. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following ideas do Glaukon and Nietzsche share? Justice benefits all people no matter their capabilities or circumstances. Those who are physically strong but morally bad are objectively inferior to those who are morally good but physically weak. Correct! Justice is a convention that benefits the weak. The best sort of life is that of a person who follows his society’s standards of justice or morality, whatever they might be. Question 18 1 / 1 pts In Plato’s Republic, what service does Glaukon do for Socrates? He convinces Socrates that justice is good and injustice is bad. He demonstrates to Socrates that injustice never pays. He shows Socrates that dialectic reasoning is fruitless. Correct! He forces Socrates to clarify his positions on integrity and justice. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Late one night over coffee, Ali and James get into a meandering conversation about the meaning and nature of love, whether anyone can ever truly love anyone else. What kind of judgments would the issues raised in this conversation be BEST described as? concrete Correct! abstract deontological objective Question 20 1 / 1 pts Nafi, a cultural anthropologist, believes that at least some moral truths are independent of the values and beliefs of any particular culture or individual. What is the term for Nafi’s belief? Correct! moral objectivity moral relativism moral subjectivism moral skepticism