Shock – Summary Notes
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1. Introduction
Shock is a life-threatening condition in which tissue perfusion is inadequate, leading to
cellular hypoxia and organ dysfunction.
Key Points:
Early recognition is critical to prevent organ failure
Can result from multiple causes
Classified into several types based on etiology
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2. Types of Shock
Type Cause Key Features
, Hypovolemic Shock Loss of blood or fluids (hemorrhage, dehydration) Low BP,
tachycardia, cold clammy skin
Cardiogenic Shock Heart failure, myocardial infarction Low BP, weak pulse, pulmonary
edema
Distributive Shock Vasodilation and relative hypovolemia (septic, anaphylactic,
neurogenic) Warm skin (early sepsis), hypotension
Obstructive Shock Obstruction of blood flow (pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade)
Hypotension, JVD, dyspnea
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3. Pathophysiology
Inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues
Compensatory mechanisms:
Increased heart rate
Vasoconstriction (except distributive shock)
Cellular hypoxia → anaerobic metabolism → lactic acidosis
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1. Introduction
Shock is a life-threatening condition in which tissue perfusion is inadequate, leading to
cellular hypoxia and organ dysfunction.
Key Points:
Early recognition is critical to prevent organ failure
Can result from multiple causes
Classified into several types based on etiology
---
2. Types of Shock
Type Cause Key Features
, Hypovolemic Shock Loss of blood or fluids (hemorrhage, dehydration) Low BP,
tachycardia, cold clammy skin
Cardiogenic Shock Heart failure, myocardial infarction Low BP, weak pulse, pulmonary
edema
Distributive Shock Vasodilation and relative hypovolemia (septic, anaphylactic,
neurogenic) Warm skin (early sepsis), hypotension
Obstructive Shock Obstruction of blood flow (pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade)
Hypotension, JVD, dyspnea
---
3. Pathophysiology
Inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues
Compensatory mechanisms:
Increased heart rate
Vasoconstriction (except distributive shock)
Cellular hypoxia → anaerobic metabolism → lactic acidosis
