Pharmacology Chapters 1-13 Questions and Correct Answers
Absorption - ans-Process by which drug molecules move from their site of administration to the blood.
-Absorption is the primary pharmacokinetic factor determining the onset of drug action
Addiction - ansan overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to repeat drug-taking behavior, despite
serious health and social consequences.
Additive effect - ansThe pharmacodynamics drug interaction that is easiest to visualize. In this reaction two
drugs from a similar therapeutic class produce a combined summation response. Using lower doses of two
drugs compared to a high dosage of one drug helps avoid adverse side effects.
Adverse drug effect - ansAn undesirable and potentially harmful action caused by the administration of
medication. When severe, can cause treatment to be discontinue or result in permanent damage to the
patient.
Adverse event reporting system - ansA voluntary program that encourages health care providers and
consumers to report suspected adverse effects directly to the FDA or the product manufacturer.
Age related changes in the liver - ansInclude reduced hepatic function, decreased liver mass, diminished blood
flow, and alteration in the activity of hepatic enzymes.
Agonist - ansA drug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response as the endogenous
substance is called an agonist.
Antagonist - ansA second possibility is that a drug will occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical
from binding to produce its action. This type of drug, an antagonist, often competes with agonists for receptor
binding sites.
Antagonist effect - ansOccurs when adding a second drug results in a diminished pharmacologic response. This
effect can result in drug actions being cancelled. Can be used to treat symptoms of a drug overdose.
, Are lipid soluble drugs more distributed to the body tissues? - ansYes-they are not limited by barriers that
water soluble drugs are so thus they are more distributed by body tissues.
Black box warning - ansIn some drug inserts, a requirement by the FDA that warns prescribers that the drug
carries a risk for serious or fetal adverse effects.
Chemical name - ans-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Combination drug - ansDrugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Common side effects - ansNausea, vomiting, and headache.
Controlled substance - ansA drug whose use is restricted by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control Act of 1970 and later revisions. Title II of this law, known as the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), is the
legal basis for regulating drugs of abuse. The CSA created five categories or schedules for drugs of abuse. These
scheduled drugs are classified according to their potential for abuse and toxicity.
Difference between over the counter and prescription drugs. - anso Prescription medications are judged by the
FDA to be potentially addictive or too harmful for self administration
o Prescriptions give an opportunity for a doctor to assess your problem and treat more complex problems.
o OTC drugs allow patients to treat themselves and are obtained much easier.
o A prescription drug can become OTC when there is a high margin of safety that exists with the medicines.
o Herbal medicines are different from prescription and OTC drugs because they are not considered drugs. They
are not marketed to treat any disease and are not subjected to the same regulatory process as drugs. Some
herbal products can interact with medications.
Distribution - ansMovement of pharmacologic agents throughout the body after they are absorbed
Absorption - ans-Process by which drug molecules move from their site of administration to the blood.
-Absorption is the primary pharmacokinetic factor determining the onset of drug action
Addiction - ansan overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to repeat drug-taking behavior, despite
serious health and social consequences.
Additive effect - ansThe pharmacodynamics drug interaction that is easiest to visualize. In this reaction two
drugs from a similar therapeutic class produce a combined summation response. Using lower doses of two
drugs compared to a high dosage of one drug helps avoid adverse side effects.
Adverse drug effect - ansAn undesirable and potentially harmful action caused by the administration of
medication. When severe, can cause treatment to be discontinue or result in permanent damage to the
patient.
Adverse event reporting system - ansA voluntary program that encourages health care providers and
consumers to report suspected adverse effects directly to the FDA or the product manufacturer.
Age related changes in the liver - ansInclude reduced hepatic function, decreased liver mass, diminished blood
flow, and alteration in the activity of hepatic enzymes.
Agonist - ansA drug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response as the endogenous
substance is called an agonist.
Antagonist - ansA second possibility is that a drug will occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical
from binding to produce its action. This type of drug, an antagonist, often competes with agonists for receptor
binding sites.
Antagonist effect - ansOccurs when adding a second drug results in a diminished pharmacologic response. This
effect can result in drug actions being cancelled. Can be used to treat symptoms of a drug overdose.
, Are lipid soluble drugs more distributed to the body tissues? - ansYes-they are not limited by barriers that
water soluble drugs are so thus they are more distributed by body tissues.
Black box warning - ansIn some drug inserts, a requirement by the FDA that warns prescribers that the drug
carries a risk for serious or fetal adverse effects.
Chemical name - ans-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Combination drug - ansDrugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Common side effects - ansNausea, vomiting, and headache.
Controlled substance - ansA drug whose use is restricted by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control Act of 1970 and later revisions. Title II of this law, known as the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), is the
legal basis for regulating drugs of abuse. The CSA created five categories or schedules for drugs of abuse. These
scheduled drugs are classified according to their potential for abuse and toxicity.
Difference between over the counter and prescription drugs. - anso Prescription medications are judged by the
FDA to be potentially addictive or too harmful for self administration
o Prescriptions give an opportunity for a doctor to assess your problem and treat more complex problems.
o OTC drugs allow patients to treat themselves and are obtained much easier.
o A prescription drug can become OTC when there is a high margin of safety that exists with the medicines.
o Herbal medicines are different from prescription and OTC drugs because they are not considered drugs. They
are not marketed to treat any disease and are not subjected to the same regulatory process as drugs. Some
herbal products can interact with medications.
Distribution - ansMovement of pharmacologic agents throughout the body after they are absorbed
