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14D- Making designer chemicals (FULL ASSIGNMENT)

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THIS IS A DISTINCTION LEVEL ASSIGNMENT This assignment provides a detailed exploration of organic synthesis, focusing on the practical preparation and analysis of halogenoalkanes, aldehydes, and aspirin. It demonstrates a deep understanding of reaction mechanisms, functional groups, chemical safety, and experimental evaluation through multiple laboratory-based experiments. The first section investigates the synthesis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane from 2-methylpropan-2-ol and concentrated hydrochloric acid, including the separation and purification of the product using a separating funnel and drying agents such as anhydrous calcium chloride. The work also evaluates reagents, reaction conditions, and percentage yield, linking chemical theory to practical results. The second part explores the oxidation of ethanol to ethanal using acidified potassium dichromate (VI), followed by qualitative testing with Fehling’s solution to confirm aldehyde formation. The reactions are described with balanced equations and linked to industrial and laboratory oxidation methods. The final section focuses on the synthesis and purification of aspirin from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride, catalysed by concentrated sulfuric acid. It includes step-by-step procedures for preparation, purification, melting point testing, and evaluation of purity and yield. Safety precautions, reaction mechanisms, and reagent strengths and weaknesses are discussed in depth. Overall, this assignment showcases advanced laboratory skills, precise data recording, and chemical understanding of functional group transformations, oxidation–reduction reactions, and esterification processes — all crucial in designing and manufacturing pharmaceutical compounds.

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Compound without a carbonyl group

Hazard Risk Precaution Action
10cm cubed of 2- Can be a Highly Wear safety googles Instantly wash your
methylpropan-2-ol flammable liquid and and gloves along with eye with water and
vapour. It also can a lab coat whilst seek help from a
ignite at ensuring the lab has teacher If swallowed,
temperatures as low good ventilation then rinse the mouth
as 11°C. and spit the water
It causes irritation to out. If come into
the lungs and its contact with skin,
corrosive to skin and then wash
the eyes which can thoroughly with
cause damage to the
water and dry with
body
towel. You should
also seek help from a
teacher and get fresh
air to prevent further
injuries
15cm cubed of Can cause respiratory Wear safety googles Instantly wash your
sodium hydrogen irritation when it is and gloves along with eye with water and
carbonate inhaled at large a lab coat whilst seek help from a
quantities. It causes ensuring the lab has teacher If swallowed,
irritation to the lungs
good ventilation then rinse the mouth
and its corrosive to skin
and spit the water
and the eyes which can
cause damage to the out. If come into
body contact with skin,
then wash
thoroughly with
water and dry with
towel. You should
also seek help from a
teacher and get fresh
air to prevent further
injuries
Concentrated Concentrated HCl Wear safety googles Instantly wash your
hydrochloric acid vapour is very and gloves along with eye with water and
harmful to swallow a lab coat whilst seek help from a
because it irritates ensuring the lab has teacher If swallowed,
the lungs and its good ventilation then rinse the mouth
corrosive to skin and and spit the water
the eyes which can out. If come into
cause damage to contact with skin,
them if they then wash

, encounter HCl thoroughly with
water and dry with
towel. You should
also seek help from a
teacher and get fresh
air to prevent further
injuries
Bunsen burner If flame touches your Give time for burner Immediately, you
skin, it could cause a to cool down. Wear should also seek help
burn and if Bunsen safety googles along from a teacher or
burner encounters a with a lab coat and emergency services
flammable substance
heat proof gloves to who can provide first
like ethanol, it could a
reduce the risk of aid to prevent further
fire
burns, whilst injuries or burns
ensuring the lab has
good ventilation
Anhydrous Calcium Can be irritant to the Wear safety googles Instantly wash your
chloride skin or eyes, casing and gloves along with eye or skin with
redness and burning a lab coat whilst water thoroughly and
ensuring the lab has seek help from a
good ventilation teacher


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October 12, 2025
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