CCRP AACVPR Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-2026
How are lipids carried - Answers on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - Answers apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - Answers more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - Answers less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - Answers chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons - Answers least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that
are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - Answers Transport dietary fat and can
be found in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - Answers Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - Answers LDL
LDL carries - Answers 60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - Answers 20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - Answers LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - Answers when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - Answers <200
Borderline high total cholesterol level - Answers 200-240
High total cholesterol level - Answers >240
Optimal TG level - Answers <150
Borderline high TG level - Answers 150-199
High TG level - Answers 200-499
Very high TG levels - Answers >500
Optimal in men HDL levels - Answers >40
Optimal in women HDL levels - Answers >50
Optimal LDL-C levels - Answers <100
,Near optimal LDL-C levels - Answers 100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - Answers 130-159
High LDL-C levels - Answers 160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - Answers >190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - Answers VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - Answers HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - Answers Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest
elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - Answers requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions:
abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - Answers WC >102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - Answers ≥150 or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - Answers <40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - Answers SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - Answers Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - Answers Traditional risk factors are a source of
inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and
other inflammatory cells to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop
atherosclerotic plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - Answers lipid deposition (daily lipid laden macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - Answers opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - Answers Larger and more obstructive lesoions consisting of an outer fibrous
,Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms in many
cases - Answers Atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture tend to be younger, more
immature plaques that usually do not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to
develop exertion symptoms
What occurs after a plaque rupture - Answers Clot formation within the lumen of the coronary
artery, potential resulting in an acute coronary syndrome from the sudden development of
severe obstruction to coronary blood flow
Examples of foods high in dietary cholesterol - Answers Animal products ( meat, poultry, fish,
eggs, butter, cheese, whole and 2% milk)
Examples of foods high in saturated fatty acids - Answers high fat meats (beef, lamb, pork,
poultry with skin, beef fat, lard), dairy products, tropical oils ( palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut
oil)
Examples of foods high in trans fatty acids - Answers fried foods, baked goods, stick
margarines, shortenings
Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids - Answers vegetable oils (olive oil,
canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil) , avocados, peanutbutter, nuts and seeds
Examples of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answers vegetable oils (soybean oil,
safflower oil), fatty fish ( salmon, mackerel, herring, trout) nuts (walnuts), seeds (sunflower
seeds)
ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guidelines Dietary recommendations for lowering LDL-C -
Answers 1) consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes; vegetables, whole grains and fruits; low
fat dairy products, fish, legumes, non-tropical oils and nuts; limit sweets, sugared beverages and
red meats
2) Aim for a diet of 5-6% of calories from saturated fats
3) Reduce percent calories from saturated fats
4) Reduce percent of calories from trans fats
What are unrefined carbohydrates referred as - Answers whole grains
Strongest evidence for dietary patterns - Answers DASH diet
(dietary approach to stop hypertension)
Function of statins - Answers reduce cholesterol production in the liver by inhibiting the enzyme
HMG CoA reductase
When to investigate into possible secondary causes of hyperlipidemia - Answers LDL-C >190
, mg/dL and triglycerides >600mg/dL
LDL-C reduction on low intensity statin - Answers <30%
LDL-C reduction on moderate intensity statin - Answers 30-<50%
LDL-C reduction on high intensity statin - Answers >50%
Secondary causes of elevated LDL - Answers diets high in saturated fat/trans fat, weight gain,
anorexia, diuretics, cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, amiodarone, binary obstruction, nephrotic
syndrome, hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Secondary causes of elevated triglycerides - Answers Diets high in refined carbs, weight gain,
very low fat diets, excessive alcohol intake, estrogens, glucocorticoids, bile acid sequestrates,
protease inhibitors, retinoid acid, anabolic steroids, sirolimus, ralozifene, tamoxifen, beta
blockers, thiazide diuretics, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, lipodystrophies, diabetes,
hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Rosuvastatin 5, 10mg intensity - Answers moderate
Rosuvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - Answers high
Atorvastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - Answers moderate
Atorvastatin 40, 80mg intensity - Answers high
Simvastatin 10mg intensity - Answers low
Simvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - Answers moderate
Pravastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - Answers low
Pravastatin 40, 80mg intensity - Answers moderate
Lovastatin 20mg intensity - Answers low
Lovastatin 40mg intensity - Answers moderate
Fluvastatin XL 80mg intensity - Answers moderate
Fluvastatin 20, 40mg intensity - Answers low
Fluvastatin 40 mg BID intensity - Answers moderate
Pitavastatin 1mg intensity - Answers low
Pitavastatin 2, 4mg intensity - Answers moderate
Moderate - High intensity Statins - Answers Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin
How are lipids carried - Answers on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - Answers apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - Answers more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - Answers less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - Answers chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons - Answers least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that
are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - Answers Transport dietary fat and can
be found in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - Answers Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - Answers LDL
LDL carries - Answers 60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - Answers 20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - Answers LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - Answers when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - Answers <200
Borderline high total cholesterol level - Answers 200-240
High total cholesterol level - Answers >240
Optimal TG level - Answers <150
Borderline high TG level - Answers 150-199
High TG level - Answers 200-499
Very high TG levels - Answers >500
Optimal in men HDL levels - Answers >40
Optimal in women HDL levels - Answers >50
Optimal LDL-C levels - Answers <100
,Near optimal LDL-C levels - Answers 100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - Answers 130-159
High LDL-C levels - Answers 160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - Answers >190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - Answers VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - Answers HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - Answers Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest
elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - Answers requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions:
abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - Answers WC >102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - Answers ≥150 or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - Answers <40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - Answers SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - Answers Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - Answers Traditional risk factors are a source of
inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and
other inflammatory cells to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop
atherosclerotic plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - Answers lipid deposition (daily lipid laden macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - Answers opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - Answers Larger and more obstructive lesoions consisting of an outer fibrous
,Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms in many
cases - Answers Atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture tend to be younger, more
immature plaques that usually do not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to
develop exertion symptoms
What occurs after a plaque rupture - Answers Clot formation within the lumen of the coronary
artery, potential resulting in an acute coronary syndrome from the sudden development of
severe obstruction to coronary blood flow
Examples of foods high in dietary cholesterol - Answers Animal products ( meat, poultry, fish,
eggs, butter, cheese, whole and 2% milk)
Examples of foods high in saturated fatty acids - Answers high fat meats (beef, lamb, pork,
poultry with skin, beef fat, lard), dairy products, tropical oils ( palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut
oil)
Examples of foods high in trans fatty acids - Answers fried foods, baked goods, stick
margarines, shortenings
Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids - Answers vegetable oils (olive oil,
canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil) , avocados, peanutbutter, nuts and seeds
Examples of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answers vegetable oils (soybean oil,
safflower oil), fatty fish ( salmon, mackerel, herring, trout) nuts (walnuts), seeds (sunflower
seeds)
ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guidelines Dietary recommendations for lowering LDL-C -
Answers 1) consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes; vegetables, whole grains and fruits; low
fat dairy products, fish, legumes, non-tropical oils and nuts; limit sweets, sugared beverages and
red meats
2) Aim for a diet of 5-6% of calories from saturated fats
3) Reduce percent calories from saturated fats
4) Reduce percent of calories from trans fats
What are unrefined carbohydrates referred as - Answers whole grains
Strongest evidence for dietary patterns - Answers DASH diet
(dietary approach to stop hypertension)
Function of statins - Answers reduce cholesterol production in the liver by inhibiting the enzyme
HMG CoA reductase
When to investigate into possible secondary causes of hyperlipidemia - Answers LDL-C >190
, mg/dL and triglycerides >600mg/dL
LDL-C reduction on low intensity statin - Answers <30%
LDL-C reduction on moderate intensity statin - Answers 30-<50%
LDL-C reduction on high intensity statin - Answers >50%
Secondary causes of elevated LDL - Answers diets high in saturated fat/trans fat, weight gain,
anorexia, diuretics, cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, amiodarone, binary obstruction, nephrotic
syndrome, hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Secondary causes of elevated triglycerides - Answers Diets high in refined carbs, weight gain,
very low fat diets, excessive alcohol intake, estrogens, glucocorticoids, bile acid sequestrates,
protease inhibitors, retinoid acid, anabolic steroids, sirolimus, ralozifene, tamoxifen, beta
blockers, thiazide diuretics, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, lipodystrophies, diabetes,
hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Rosuvastatin 5, 10mg intensity - Answers moderate
Rosuvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - Answers high
Atorvastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - Answers moderate
Atorvastatin 40, 80mg intensity - Answers high
Simvastatin 10mg intensity - Answers low
Simvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - Answers moderate
Pravastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - Answers low
Pravastatin 40, 80mg intensity - Answers moderate
Lovastatin 20mg intensity - Answers low
Lovastatin 40mg intensity - Answers moderate
Fluvastatin XL 80mg intensity - Answers moderate
Fluvastatin 20, 40mg intensity - Answers low
Fluvastatin 40 mg BID intensity - Answers moderate
Pitavastatin 1mg intensity - Answers low
Pitavastatin 2, 4mg intensity - Answers moderate
Moderate - High intensity Statins - Answers Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin
