4
Grade
Science
Teaching Guide
Pakistan Edition
, Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Published in Pakistan by
Oxford University Press
No.38, Sector 15, Korangi Industrial Area,
PO Box 8214, Karachi-74900, Pakistan
© Oxford University Press 2024
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First published in 2014
Second Edition (SNC) published in 2024
Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 1, Oxford
International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 2, Oxford International
Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 3, Oxford International Primary Science
(Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 4, Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition)
Teacher’s Guide 5, and Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s
Guide 6 were originally published in English in 2021 by Oxford University
Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom with the
ISBNs 9781382017329, 9781382017336, 9781382017343, 9781382017350,
9781382017367, and 9781382017374. This adaptation is published by
arrangement. Oxford University Press Pakistan (SMC-Private) Limited is solely
responsible for this adaptation from the original work
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics
rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
ISBN 9789697341290
Acknowledgements
The publisher and authors would like to thank the following for permission to use
photographs and other copyright material:
Cover: Artwork by Blindsalida
Photos: Page xii: Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock; page xvii(tl): Evgeny Karandaev/
Shutterstock
Table on page vi: From Theory of Learning by Julie Cotton; © Kogan Page 1995
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of material reproduced in
this book. Any omissions will be rectified if notice is given to the publisher
Oxford International Primary Science TG 4 (Second Edition) (SNC) Size: 210 x 275 mm
ii
, Contents
Introduction v Contagious diseases and their
How to Support Non-English Speakers xiii prevention60
Component Overview xvi A balanced diet63
How to be a Scientist: Scientific Enquiry 2 Exercise and health66
How to be a Scientist: Investigation Looking after teeth68
Master Sheet 4 Water and its importance 71
What have I learned about
human health?73
1
Characteristics and life processes of
organisms 6
Living or non-living things?8 4 Matter and Its Characteristics 76
Sorting animals11 Are they solids, liquids or gases?78
Identification keys for animals13 Liquids81
Sorting plants 15 Gases84
Ensuring diversity 17 Materials around us86
Animal skeletons19 Metals and non-metals88
Muscles 21 Metals are conductors90
Muscles in arms23 What have I learned about
Teeth are also bones 26 matter and Its characteristics ?93
What are major animal organs?28
What are major parts of plant body? 31
5 Forms of energy and energy transfer95
What have I learned about characteristics
and life processes of organisms?33 Energy97
Transformation of energy 98
Energy conservation100
2 Ecosystems 35 Light101
Living in different environments37 Making shadows 103
Ecosystems39 Properties of light 104
Components of ecosystem41 How sounds are made 106
Food chain43 What is heat? 108
Predators and prey46 Transformation of electrical energy 110
Maintaining balance within ecosystems48 Making circuits 111
Effect of human activities on food
What have I learned about form of
chain50 energy and energy transfer? 113
What have I learned about Ecosystems?52
3 Human Health 55
Symptoms of illnesses and types
of diseases57
Transmission of a contagious
diseases 59
iii
, Contents
6 Forces and motion115 9 Earth in the solar system164
Pushes and pulls117 The Sun appears to move, but
Making shapes with forces 119 it does not 166
Forces can stop or start things The Sun appears to change during
moving 121 the day 169
Things that go up always come Day and night 170
down123 How long does it take the earth to
Forces on different surfaces 126 spin on its axis? 172
Friction 128 Shadows move and change 174
Investigating friction 130 The seasons in a year 177
Investigating simple machines 133 Eclipses 179
What have I learned about What have I learned about earth in the
forces and motion? 137 solar system? 180
7 The earth and its resources 139 10 Technology in everyday life183
Earths surface and flow of water 141 Reusing paper 185
Natural resources on earth 143 Reusing Material 186
Fossil and fossil fuels 144 Using play dough and clay 187
Renewable and non-renewable Mobile phones 188
energy resources 146 Technology and health 189
Caring for the environment 148 What have I learned about
Recycling and reusing materials 149 technology in everyday life? 190
Protecting the environment 151
What have I learned about
The earth and its resources? 153
8 Earth’s weather and climate 155
Weather and climate 157
Difference between Weather
and climate 159
Recording weather 160
What have I learned about Earth’s
weather and climate? 162
iv
Grade
Science
Teaching Guide
Pakistan Edition
, Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Published in Pakistan by
Oxford University Press
No.38, Sector 15, Korangi Industrial Area,
PO Box 8214, Karachi-74900, Pakistan
© Oxford University Press 2024
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First published in 2014
Second Edition (SNC) published in 2024
Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 1, Oxford
International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 2, Oxford International
Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 3, Oxford International Primary Science
(Second Edition) Teacher’s Guide 4, Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition)
Teacher’s Guide 5, and Oxford International Primary Science (Second Edition) Teacher’s
Guide 6 were originally published in English in 2021 by Oxford University
Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom with the
ISBNs 9781382017329, 9781382017336, 9781382017343, 9781382017350,
9781382017367, and 9781382017374. This adaptation is published by
arrangement. Oxford University Press Pakistan (SMC-Private) Limited is solely
responsible for this adaptation from the original work
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics
rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
ISBN 9789697341290
Acknowledgements
The publisher and authors would like to thank the following for permission to use
photographs and other copyright material:
Cover: Artwork by Blindsalida
Photos: Page xii: Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock; page xvii(tl): Evgeny Karandaev/
Shutterstock
Table on page vi: From Theory of Learning by Julie Cotton; © Kogan Page 1995
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of material reproduced in
this book. Any omissions will be rectified if notice is given to the publisher
Oxford International Primary Science TG 4 (Second Edition) (SNC) Size: 210 x 275 mm
ii
, Contents
Introduction v Contagious diseases and their
How to Support Non-English Speakers xiii prevention60
Component Overview xvi A balanced diet63
How to be a Scientist: Scientific Enquiry 2 Exercise and health66
How to be a Scientist: Investigation Looking after teeth68
Master Sheet 4 Water and its importance 71
What have I learned about
human health?73
1
Characteristics and life processes of
organisms 6
Living or non-living things?8 4 Matter and Its Characteristics 76
Sorting animals11 Are they solids, liquids or gases?78
Identification keys for animals13 Liquids81
Sorting plants 15 Gases84
Ensuring diversity 17 Materials around us86
Animal skeletons19 Metals and non-metals88
Muscles 21 Metals are conductors90
Muscles in arms23 What have I learned about
Teeth are also bones 26 matter and Its characteristics ?93
What are major animal organs?28
What are major parts of plant body? 31
5 Forms of energy and energy transfer95
What have I learned about characteristics
and life processes of organisms?33 Energy97
Transformation of energy 98
Energy conservation100
2 Ecosystems 35 Light101
Living in different environments37 Making shadows 103
Ecosystems39 Properties of light 104
Components of ecosystem41 How sounds are made 106
Food chain43 What is heat? 108
Predators and prey46 Transformation of electrical energy 110
Maintaining balance within ecosystems48 Making circuits 111
Effect of human activities on food
What have I learned about form of
chain50 energy and energy transfer? 113
What have I learned about Ecosystems?52
3 Human Health 55
Symptoms of illnesses and types
of diseases57
Transmission of a contagious
diseases 59
iii
, Contents
6 Forces and motion115 9 Earth in the solar system164
Pushes and pulls117 The Sun appears to move, but
Making shapes with forces 119 it does not 166
Forces can stop or start things The Sun appears to change during
moving 121 the day 169
Things that go up always come Day and night 170
down123 How long does it take the earth to
Forces on different surfaces 126 spin on its axis? 172
Friction 128 Shadows move and change 174
Investigating friction 130 The seasons in a year 177
Investigating simple machines 133 Eclipses 179
What have I learned about What have I learned about earth in the
forces and motion? 137 solar system? 180
7 The earth and its resources 139 10 Technology in everyday life183
Earths surface and flow of water 141 Reusing paper 185
Natural resources on earth 143 Reusing Material 186
Fossil and fossil fuels 144 Using play dough and clay 187
Renewable and non-renewable Mobile phones 188
energy resources 146 Technology and health 189
Caring for the environment 148 What have I learned about
Recycling and reusing materials 149 technology in everyday life? 190
Protecting the environment 151
What have I learned about
The earth and its resources? 153
8 Earth’s weather and climate 155
Weather and climate 157
Difference between Weather
and climate 159
Recording weather 160
What have I learned about Earth’s
weather and climate? 162
iv
