PNUR1128 - Nursing Concepts 1
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1. Health: -a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity
-a state of being well and using every power an individual possesses to the fullest extent
2. Wellness: a state of well-being; engaging in attitudes and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential
3. Illness: a highly personal state in which the persons physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or
spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished
4. Disease: an alteration in bodily functioning resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal
lifespan
5. Health Promotion: any activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a higher level of health and
well-being
6. Chain of Infection: the way all infectious diseases spread; links:
1. Infectious Agent: a microorganism that is capable of producing infection
2. Reservoir: place where an infectious agent can live
3. Portal of Exit: point where infectious agent leaves reservoir
4. Mode of Transportation: hoe the infectious agent travels from one host to another (contact, airborne, droplet)
5. Portal of Entry: point where the infectious agent enters the new host
6. Susceptible Host: any person who is at risk of infection
7. Asepsis: the absence of viruses, bacteria, and microorganisms; free from infection
8. Aseptic Technique: clean to dirty; where clean denotes the absence of almost all, but not all, microorganisms
9. Cleaning: physically removes contaminants with detergent and chemical removal
10. Disinfecting: reduces the number of microorganisms but will not eliminate them all; does not kill most spores
11. Sterilizing: a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
12. Routine Practices: the system of infection prevention and control practices recommended to be used with
all patients during all care to prevent
and control transmission of microorganisms in all health care settings
13. Added Precautions: precautions that are necessary in addition to Routine Practices for certain pathogens
or clinical
presentations. These precautions are based on the method of transmission (e.g., contact, droplet,
airborne).
14. Four Moments for Hand Hygiene: 1. Before initial patient or environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure
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3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient or environment contact
15. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): -daily self care activities (things we normally do); include : bathing,
dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, feeding
16. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs): - activities usually done after ADLs; include:
cooking, driving, shopping, financing, using a phone, etc
17. Who might need assistance with ADLs?: -older people who are weak
-people who aren't totally there
people who recently had surgery/ are recovering
18. Types and Textures of a Diet: -fluid vs. solid
-thick vs. thin
-soft vs. hard
-smooth vs. rough
-slow vs. fast[clear fluid (juice, tea), full fluid (milk), NAS(no added salt)]
19. Methods of Elimination: Urinal: mainly for men, strictly urine
Bedpan: receptacle for urine and feces; regular high back pan and slipper/fracture pan
Commode: portable chair with a toilet seat and a receptacle beneath that cane be emptied (promotes independence)
Catheter: introduction of catheter through urethra into urinary bladder
Ostomy: opening of abdominal wall for elimination of feces
Incontinent brief: like diaper or pad
20. How do you provide safety and dignity while assisting with toileting?: -close
curtain and door
-provide privacy (don't hover)
-lower bed if walking away
-let them wipe/wash themselves is possible
-provide hand sanitizer
-give adequate time, but don't leave them too long
21. Gordon's Functional Health Patterns: -framework to assist us to classify information as we gather
data about individuals; characteristics:
1. Pattern: examine over time
2. Individual and Environment: influence of either
3. Age Development: task fulfillment
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4. Functional: performance levels on tasks
5: Culture
22. Types of Patterns: Functional: suggests strength and wellness
Dysfunctional: Suggests problems
Potentially Dysfunctional: suggests a risk of a problem or potential problem
23. Range of Motion (ROM): the degree of movement possible for each joint, varies from individual to
individual
24. Active ROM: is movement initiated and completed by the patient without assistance
25. Passive ROM: another person moves each joint for a patient who is not able to assist
26. Flexion: decreasing the angle of a joint
27. Extension: increasing the angle of a joint
28. Hyperextension: over-extension or straightening of a joint
29. Abduction: movement of the bone away from the mid-line of the body
30. Adduction: movement of the bone towards the mid-line of the body
31. Rotation: movement of the bone around its central axis
32. Circumduction: movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
33. Eversion: turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint
34. Inversion: turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
35. Pronation: moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front
36. Supination: moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front
37. Protraction: moving a body part forward in the same plane parallel to the ground
38. Retraction: moving a part of the body backward in the same plane parallel to the ground
39. Types of Joints: -Pivot Joints: neck
-Ball and Socket Joints: shoulder, hip
-Hinge Joints: elbow, knee, ankle, hands and fingers (interparangeal joints), toes (interpharangeal and metacarpo-
phangeal joints)
-Condyloid Joints: wrist, hands and fingers (metacarpophangeal joints)
-Saddle Joints: thumb
-Glidding Joint: foot
40. What is the Purpose of Positioning a Client?: to help prevent muscle discomfort, undue
pressure resulting in pressure ulcers, damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels, and contractures; also maintains
muscle tone and stimulates postural reflexes
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1. Health: -a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity
-a state of being well and using every power an individual possesses to the fullest extent
2. Wellness: a state of well-being; engaging in attitudes and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential
3. Illness: a highly personal state in which the persons physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or
spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished
4. Disease: an alteration in bodily functioning resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal
lifespan
5. Health Promotion: any activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a higher level of health and
well-being
6. Chain of Infection: the way all infectious diseases spread; links:
1. Infectious Agent: a microorganism that is capable of producing infection
2. Reservoir: place where an infectious agent can live
3. Portal of Exit: point where infectious agent leaves reservoir
4. Mode of Transportation: hoe the infectious agent travels from one host to another (contact, airborne, droplet)
5. Portal of Entry: point where the infectious agent enters the new host
6. Susceptible Host: any person who is at risk of infection
7. Asepsis: the absence of viruses, bacteria, and microorganisms; free from infection
8. Aseptic Technique: clean to dirty; where clean denotes the absence of almost all, but not all, microorganisms
9. Cleaning: physically removes contaminants with detergent and chemical removal
10. Disinfecting: reduces the number of microorganisms but will not eliminate them all; does not kill most spores
11. Sterilizing: a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
12. Routine Practices: the system of infection prevention and control practices recommended to be used with
all patients during all care to prevent
and control transmission of microorganisms in all health care settings
13. Added Precautions: precautions that are necessary in addition to Routine Practices for certain pathogens
or clinical
presentations. These precautions are based on the method of transmission (e.g., contact, droplet,
airborne).
14. Four Moments for Hand Hygiene: 1. Before initial patient or environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure
, PNUR1128 - Nursing Concepts 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hwf80a
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient or environment contact
15. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): -daily self care activities (things we normally do); include : bathing,
dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, feeding
16. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs): - activities usually done after ADLs; include:
cooking, driving, shopping, financing, using a phone, etc
17. Who might need assistance with ADLs?: -older people who are weak
-people who aren't totally there
people who recently had surgery/ are recovering
18. Types and Textures of a Diet: -fluid vs. solid
-thick vs. thin
-soft vs. hard
-smooth vs. rough
-slow vs. fast[clear fluid (juice, tea), full fluid (milk), NAS(no added salt)]
19. Methods of Elimination: Urinal: mainly for men, strictly urine
Bedpan: receptacle for urine and feces; regular high back pan and slipper/fracture pan
Commode: portable chair with a toilet seat and a receptacle beneath that cane be emptied (promotes independence)
Catheter: introduction of catheter through urethra into urinary bladder
Ostomy: opening of abdominal wall for elimination of feces
Incontinent brief: like diaper or pad
20. How do you provide safety and dignity while assisting with toileting?: -close
curtain and door
-provide privacy (don't hover)
-lower bed if walking away
-let them wipe/wash themselves is possible
-provide hand sanitizer
-give adequate time, but don't leave them too long
21. Gordon's Functional Health Patterns: -framework to assist us to classify information as we gather
data about individuals; characteristics:
1. Pattern: examine over time
2. Individual and Environment: influence of either
3. Age Development: task fulfillment
, PNUR1128 - Nursing Concepts 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hwf80a
4. Functional: performance levels on tasks
5: Culture
22. Types of Patterns: Functional: suggests strength and wellness
Dysfunctional: Suggests problems
Potentially Dysfunctional: suggests a risk of a problem or potential problem
23. Range of Motion (ROM): the degree of movement possible for each joint, varies from individual to
individual
24. Active ROM: is movement initiated and completed by the patient without assistance
25. Passive ROM: another person moves each joint for a patient who is not able to assist
26. Flexion: decreasing the angle of a joint
27. Extension: increasing the angle of a joint
28. Hyperextension: over-extension or straightening of a joint
29. Abduction: movement of the bone away from the mid-line of the body
30. Adduction: movement of the bone towards the mid-line of the body
31. Rotation: movement of the bone around its central axis
32. Circumduction: movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
33. Eversion: turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint
34. Inversion: turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
35. Pronation: moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front
36. Supination: moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front
37. Protraction: moving a body part forward in the same plane parallel to the ground
38. Retraction: moving a part of the body backward in the same plane parallel to the ground
39. Types of Joints: -Pivot Joints: neck
-Ball and Socket Joints: shoulder, hip
-Hinge Joints: elbow, knee, ankle, hands and fingers (interparangeal joints), toes (interpharangeal and metacarpo-
phangeal joints)
-Condyloid Joints: wrist, hands and fingers (metacarpophangeal joints)
-Saddle Joints: thumb
-Glidding Joint: foot
40. What is the Purpose of Positioning a Client?: to help prevent muscle discomfort, undue
pressure resulting in pressure ulcers, damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels, and contractures; also maintains
muscle tone and stimulates postural reflexes
