BIOL 1201 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are the three types of cell signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Direct
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Contact
2. Local
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3. Distant
|
Describe direct contact cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-One cell actually physically touches another | | | | |
i.e. Gap Junctions (diffusion of signals through a plasma membrane),
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Plasmodesmata (diffusion of signals through a plasma membrane), and Cell-Cell
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Recognition (one cell have a type of signal molecule while the other cell has a
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receptor, and they bind and create a response)
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Describe local cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cells
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are signaling and the signal is released into the extracellular liquid; affects cells in
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the area|
|
i.e. Paracrine (one cell is releasing signal molecules, diffusing into the area,
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affecting the cells nearby, for example, a wound) and Synaptic (space between
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neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapsis)
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Describe distant cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Signals cells in another part of the body
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,i.e. Endocrine System (hormones are sent all over the body to initiate a response)
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A compound that is secreted in one part of the body and travels through the
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bloodstream to another part of the body where it has an effect is called a(n)
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A. Receptor protein
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B. Hormone
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C. Transmitter
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D. Activator - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Hormone
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When a platelet contacts a damaged blood vessel, it is stimulated to release
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thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 in turn stimulates a vascular spasm and
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attracts additional platelets to the injured site. In this example, thromboxane A2
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is acting as ____________.
| | | |
A. direct contact signal molecule
| | | |
B. local signal molecule
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C. distant signal molecule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. local signal molecule
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What are the three steps of cell signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Reception
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2. Transduction
|
3. Response
|
,Where are receptors located? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-plasma membrane and
| | | | | | | | |
cytoplasm
Most receptors are _____________ attached to the plasma membrane. -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-proteins
|
Since receptors are proteins, what does that tell us about the specificity of the
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receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Since receptors are proteins, then they are
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highly specific and will only bind to a specific signal molecule.
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Which molecules determine the tissue specificity of hormones?
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A. Receptors.
|
B. Hormone-response elements.
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C. Second messengers.
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D. Agonists. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A. Receptors.
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Assuming there are a 100 different signaling molecules in your body. What is the
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minimum number of receptors that your body needs to make?
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A. 1
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B. 10
|
C. 100
|
D. 1000
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E. 1000000 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C. 100
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, When receptors are bound to the plasma membrane, what does this tell us about
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the properties of the signal molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Since the
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receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane, then the signal molecules for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
those receptors are not permeable to the membrane and need help to pass
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
through the membrane.
| |
When receptors are located in the cytoplasm, what does this tell us about the
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properties of these signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-These signals are obviously
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membrane permeable. Most cytoplasmic signals are steroids. Since steroids are
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lipids, then they are permeable to the membrane.
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Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma
| | | | | | | | | | |
membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
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A. glucose
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B. estrogen
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C. glycerol
|
D. cellulose
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E. starch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. estrogen
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A(n) _____ is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular
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receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off.
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A. steroid
|
B. nucleic acid
| |
Correct Answers
What are the three types of cell signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Direct
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Contact
2. Local
|
3. Distant
|
Describe direct contact cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-One cell actually physically touches another | | | | |
i.e. Gap Junctions (diffusion of signals through a plasma membrane),
| | | | | | | | | |
Plasmodesmata (diffusion of signals through a plasma membrane), and Cell-Cell
| | | | | | | | | |
Recognition (one cell have a type of signal molecule while the other cell has a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
receptor, and they bind and create a response)
| | | | | | |
Describe local cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cells
| | | | | | | | | |
are signaling and the signal is released into the extracellular liquid; affects cells in
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the area|
|
i.e. Paracrine (one cell is releasing signal molecules, diffusing into the area,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
affecting the cells nearby, for example, a wound) and Synaptic (space between
| | | | | | | | | | | |
neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapsis)
| | | | | |
Describe distant cell signaling and some examples. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | |
Signals cells in another part of the body
| | | | | | |
,i.e. Endocrine System (hormones are sent all over the body to initiate a response)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
A compound that is secreted in one part of the body and travels through the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
bloodstream to another part of the body where it has an effect is called a(n)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A. Receptor protein
| |
B. Hormone
|
C. Transmitter
|
D. Activator - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. Hormone
| | | | |
When a platelet contacts a damaged blood vessel, it is stimulated to release
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 in turn stimulates a vascular spasm and
| | | | | | | | | | |
attracts additional platelets to the injured site. In this example, thromboxane A2
| | | | | | | | | | | |
is acting as ____________.
| | | |
A. direct contact signal molecule
| | | |
B. local signal molecule
| | |
C. distant signal molecule - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. local signal molecule
| | | | | | | | |
What are the three steps of cell signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Reception
| | | | | | | | | | |
2. Transduction
|
3. Response
|
,Where are receptors located? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-plasma membrane and
| | | | | | | | |
cytoplasm
Most receptors are _____________ attached to the plasma membrane. -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-proteins
|
Since receptors are proteins, what does that tell us about the specificity of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Since receptors are proteins, then they are
| | | | | | | | | |
highly specific and will only bind to a specific signal molecule.
| | | | | | | | | |
Which molecules determine the tissue specificity of hormones?
| | | | | | |
A. Receptors.
|
B. Hormone-response elements.
| |
C. Second messengers.
| |
D. Agonists. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A. Receptors.
| | | | |
Assuming there are a 100 different signaling molecules in your body. What is the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
minimum number of receptors that your body needs to make?
| | | | | | | | |
A. 1
|
B. 10
|
C. 100
|
D. 1000
|
E. 1000000 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C. 100
| | | | |
, When receptors are bound to the plasma membrane, what does this tell us about
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the properties of the signal molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Since the
| | | | | | | | | | |
receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane, then the signal molecules for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
those receptors are not permeable to the membrane and need help to pass
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
through the membrane.
| |
When receptors are located in the cytoplasm, what does this tell us about the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
properties of these signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-These signals are obviously
| | | | | | | | | |
membrane permeable. Most cytoplasmic signals are steroids. Since steroids are
| | | | | | | | | |
lipids, then they are permeable to the membrane.
| | | | | | |
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma
| | | | | | | | | | |
membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
| | | | | |
A. glucose
|
B. estrogen
| |
C. glycerol
|
D. cellulose
|
E. starch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B. estrogen
| | | | |
A(n) _____ is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off.
| | | | | | | | | | |
A. steroid
|
B. nucleic acid
| |
