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SQA Stability Exam Q&A (50+ Questions) | Buoyancy, GM, Loadlines, FSE, Trim, Loll | Marine Engineering

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This document includes 50+ expertly answered and graded A+ exam questions on the topic of Stability, created for SQA Marine Engineering or Nautical Science programs in the 2025/2026 academic year. It serves as a detailed and comprehensive guide covering essential concepts in ship stability, hydrostatics, and equilibrium. Each term and explanation is precise, with correct terminology and physical understanding suited for final exams or certification assessments. Key concepts covered: Hydrostatics & Fundamentals: Mass, Volume, Density, Relative Density Archimedes' Principle and its practical implications on ship floatation Freeboard, Water Plane Area (WPA), Coefficient of fineness (CW), Block coefficient (CB) Forces & Centers: Centre of Gravity (G), Centre of Buoyancy (B), Metacentre (M), Initial GM Stable, Unstable, and Neutral equilibrium conditions explained with effects of external forces Diagrams and explanations of how G, B, and M interact to determine stability Special Conditions & Corrections: Definitions and distinctions between Angle of Loll and Angle of List Procedures for correcting list and loll conditions Free Surface Effect (FSE) and its risk to ship stability during cargo and ballast operations Stiff vs Tender ships, rolling characteristics, dangers, and structural stresses Trim & Longitudinal Stability: LCG, LCB, LCF, MCTC, Trimming moments Mean draft changes from dock water to saltwater and implications on buoyancy Loadlines, zones, and legal significance in safe vessel loading This document is particularly beneficial for: Cadets and students in Marine Engineering, Naval Architecture, or Nautical Science programs Learners preparing for SQA exams, oral assessments, or STCW stability modules Professionals preparing for refresher exams, competency evaluations, or ship stability certification Instructors or lecturers looking for concise, exam-ready terminology and model answers Keywords: ship stability, GM, metacentre, buoyancy, centre of gravity, free surface effect, angle of loll, angle of list, equilibrium, Archimedes principle, trimming moment, MCTC, loadline, saltwater draft, WPA, CB, CW, hydrostatics, stiff ship, tender ship, LCG, LCB, LCF, ballast tanks, ship rolling, marine engineering, nautical science, draft correction

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Stability- SQA Exam 2025/2026 Exam
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Mass - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Mass is the fundamental measure of the quantity of

matter in a body and is expressed in kilograms or tonnes.


Volume - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the amount of space, measured in cubic units,

that an object or substance occupies. Expressed in Cubic metres


Density - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The density of any given substance is its mass

per unit volume.

Expressed in tonnes per cubic metre


Relative Density - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The ratio of the density of any substance

to the density of some other substance taken as standard. Water being he

standard for liquids.

, Archimedes principle - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔States that when a body is fully or

partially immersed in a liquid, it experiences an upthrust (apparent loss of

mass termed buoyancy force), equal to the mass of liquid displaced.


FWA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Number of millimetres by which the mean draught

changes when a ship passes from salt water to fresh water when the ship

is loaded to summer displacement.


DWA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Number of millimetres by which the mean draught

changes when a ship passes from salt water to dock water when the ship is

loaded to summer displacement.


TPC (tonnes per centimetre immersion) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The TPC for any

given draught is the weight which must be loaded or discharged to change

the ships mean draught by 1cm.


LBP (length between perpendiculars) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is the horizontal

distance between the forward and after perpendiculars. It is this length that

is considered when conducting trim calculations.


CW (coefficient of fineness of the water-plane area) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Is

defined as the ratio of the ships water-plane area to the area of a rectangle

having the same length and breadth of the ship at the waterline in question

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Uploaded on
September 29, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
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