Concepts of human development are complex and contested
The development continuum MEDC
↳ based on economies HICs
NIC
OPEC
MICs
RIC
LEDC
LDC LICs
Least Developed Countries Ethiopia /Myanamar/Somana/Halt
-
-> 46 countries (33 African, 9 Asian, 1 Caribbean and 3 pacific)
-> behind in several aspects of development
-> over 1 billion people in these countries
-> worlds poorest economies
-> often affected by civil conflict and/or corruption
Less economically developed countries Kenya ->
-> low levels of development
-> mainly primary industry (secondary sector may be developing)
Recently industrialised countries Russia >
-
/Brazil
-> GDP growth rates 3.5% +
-> started to develop in the 1980/90s
Organisation of the petroleum exporting countries Saudi Arabia/Venezula
>
-
-> 60% of proven oil reserves
-> wealth from oil not always translated in to sustained economic growth
-> wealth/gender inequality sometimes an issue
Newly industrialised countries China/India
=>
-> GDP growth rates 3.5% +
-> started to develop in the 1960/70s
-> 3 billion + people
-> high levels of growth (replacing MEDCs as engine of the global economy)
More economically developed countries > USA/UK/Germany/Japan
-
-> affluent countries - dominated the global economy for the past 50 years
-> some are legacy superpowers (industrial revolution/ imperialism)
-> dominated by tertiary and quaternary sector
,First, second and third worlds
First world - capitalist, democratic states (the west)
Second world - communist/socialist states
Third world - un-aligned world (undeveloped - president Truman 1949)
These are politically created groupings - inaccurate and outdated
The Brandt Line - 1980
Rich north vs poor south
-simplistic/ complicated subject
-outdated
What is development?
Development is one of the main priorities of the United Nations. Development is a multidimensional
undertaking to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. Economic development, social
development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components
of sustainable development.
Development can be defined as bringing about social change that allows people to achieve their
human potential.
In 1810 all countries were sick and poor
In 1948 western countries we’re starting to develop after the war
Colonies started to get healthier as they gained independence
GDP - the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a
Country’s borders.
The happy planet index is a measure if sustainable wellbeing, ranking countries by how efficiently
they deliver long, happy lives using our limited environmental resources. It measures life
expectancy, well wing (life satisfaction survey) and ecological footprint
Gini index - measures the extent to which the distribution of income among individuals or
households within n economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. An index of 0
represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality
A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total
income received against the cumulative number of
recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household.
The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz
curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality,
expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under
the line
,0 927.
20 32 . 102 39 8 .
45
0 788.
7S 41 9 .
St 37 1 .
61
0 958.
7 45 .
7 35 31 .
7 III
0 920
.
24 42 7 .
49 N/A N/A
8 644
.
134 27 8 .
121328 183
0 948
.
15 49 519 .
32 .
4 105
8 910
.
28 52 .
0 9 31 .
5 113
0 906
.
30 49 6 .
18 34 8 .
88
0 760
.
89 46 2 .
34 52 7
8 935
.
18 37 2 .
79 31 7 .
112
, Bolivia under Evo Morales is based very much around a socialist model
-the emphasis being upon reducing inequality and increasing social and political development within
the country
-the nations GDP is low by comparison to many nations, people have seen a shift in their level of
development
-the grassroots policies are focused on helping those most in need, rather than taking a one size
fits ok approach to development
Sharia law is based around the concepts of necessity and needs and comfort
-it recognises wider aspects (the importance of education and intellect)
-sharia suggests that citizens should seek a high quality of life, it this
can be through things other than material items
-sharia sees happiness and the fulfilment of life to be more important
than just possessions and money
In sum both models place greater emphasis on happiness and soil development as opposed to the
economy first model
The development continuum MEDC
↳ based on economies HICs
NIC
OPEC
MICs
RIC
LEDC
LDC LICs
Least Developed Countries Ethiopia /Myanamar/Somana/Halt
-
-> 46 countries (33 African, 9 Asian, 1 Caribbean and 3 pacific)
-> behind in several aspects of development
-> over 1 billion people in these countries
-> worlds poorest economies
-> often affected by civil conflict and/or corruption
Less economically developed countries Kenya ->
-> low levels of development
-> mainly primary industry (secondary sector may be developing)
Recently industrialised countries Russia >
-
/Brazil
-> GDP growth rates 3.5% +
-> started to develop in the 1980/90s
Organisation of the petroleum exporting countries Saudi Arabia/Venezula
>
-
-> 60% of proven oil reserves
-> wealth from oil not always translated in to sustained economic growth
-> wealth/gender inequality sometimes an issue
Newly industrialised countries China/India
=>
-> GDP growth rates 3.5% +
-> started to develop in the 1960/70s
-> 3 billion + people
-> high levels of growth (replacing MEDCs as engine of the global economy)
More economically developed countries > USA/UK/Germany/Japan
-
-> affluent countries - dominated the global economy for the past 50 years
-> some are legacy superpowers (industrial revolution/ imperialism)
-> dominated by tertiary and quaternary sector
,First, second and third worlds
First world - capitalist, democratic states (the west)
Second world - communist/socialist states
Third world - un-aligned world (undeveloped - president Truman 1949)
These are politically created groupings - inaccurate and outdated
The Brandt Line - 1980
Rich north vs poor south
-simplistic/ complicated subject
-outdated
What is development?
Development is one of the main priorities of the United Nations. Development is a multidimensional
undertaking to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. Economic development, social
development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components
of sustainable development.
Development can be defined as bringing about social change that allows people to achieve their
human potential.
In 1810 all countries were sick and poor
In 1948 western countries we’re starting to develop after the war
Colonies started to get healthier as they gained independence
GDP - the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a
Country’s borders.
The happy planet index is a measure if sustainable wellbeing, ranking countries by how efficiently
they deliver long, happy lives using our limited environmental resources. It measures life
expectancy, well wing (life satisfaction survey) and ecological footprint
Gini index - measures the extent to which the distribution of income among individuals or
households within n economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. An index of 0
represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality
A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total
income received against the cumulative number of
recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household.
The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz
curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality,
expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under
the line
,0 927.
20 32 . 102 39 8 .
45
0 788.
7S 41 9 .
St 37 1 .
61
0 958.
7 45 .
7 35 31 .
7 III
0 920
.
24 42 7 .
49 N/A N/A
8 644
.
134 27 8 .
121328 183
0 948
.
15 49 519 .
32 .
4 105
8 910
.
28 52 .
0 9 31 .
5 113
0 906
.
30 49 6 .
18 34 8 .
88
0 760
.
89 46 2 .
34 52 7
8 935
.
18 37 2 .
79 31 7 .
112
, Bolivia under Evo Morales is based very much around a socialist model
-the emphasis being upon reducing inequality and increasing social and political development within
the country
-the nations GDP is low by comparison to many nations, people have seen a shift in their level of
development
-the grassroots policies are focused on helping those most in need, rather than taking a one size
fits ok approach to development
Sharia law is based around the concepts of necessity and needs and comfort
-it recognises wider aspects (the importance of education and intellect)
-sharia suggests that citizens should seek a high quality of life, it this
can be through things other than material items
-sharia sees happiness and the fulfilment of life to be more important
than just possessions and money
In sum both models place greater emphasis on happiness and soil development as opposed to the
economy first model
