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Samenvatting Psychologie_hoofdstuk 4

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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 4 van het vak psychologie, die gegeven wordt in 1e bachelor sociaal werk aan Artevelde.

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PSYCHOLOGIE

BEHAVIORISTISCHE
BENADERING
2024–2025

1

,Inhoudsopgave
1. Uitgangspunten en basisbegrippen....................................................................3

1.1. Ons gedrag, onze gevoelens, onze gedachten en onze interacties worden
bepaald door allerlei externe prikkels in onze omgeving....................................4

1.2. Ons gedrag, onze gevoelens, onze gedachten en onze interacties worden
bepaald door wat we geleerd hebben.................................................................4

1.3. Een behavioristische benadering gaat uit van het nurture model................5

1.3.1. Zijn er verschillen tussen mannen en vrouwen?....................................5

1.3.2. De gedragsverschillen tussen mannen en vrouwen...............................6

1.4. Een behavioristische benadering gaat uit van een positivistisch
wetenschapsmodel.............................................................................................. 6

2. Hedendaagse denkers........................................................................................ 7

3. Kritische kanttekeningen.................................................................................... 8

4. De behavioristische kijk op leren........................................................................8

4.1. Klassieke conditionering............................................................................... 8

4.1.1. Het basismodel van Pavlov....................................................................8

4.1.2. Voorbeelden klassieke conditionering....................................................9

4.1.3. Bijkomende processen.........................................................................10

A. conditonering van hogere orde............................................................10

B. Generalisatie........................................................................................ 10

C. Aversieve conditionering.....................................................................10

D. Discriminatie....................................................................................... 10

E. Uitdoving of extinctie...........................................................................11

4.1.4. Factoren die het conditioneringsproces beïnvloeden...........................11

A. Timing.................................................................................................. 11

B. Aandacht............................................................................................. 11

C. Biologische vanzelfsprekenheid...........................................................11

4.1.5. Het gebruik van klassieke conditionering in de hulpverlening.............11

A. Aversietherapie.................................................................................... 11


2

, B. Systematische desensitisatie...............................................................12

4.2. Operante conditionering............................................................................. 12

4.2.1. Het basismodel.................................................................................... 12

4.2.2. Factoren die operante conditionering beïnvloeden..............................13

A. Algemene factoren.............................................................................. 14

B. Schema’s bij bekrachtiging..................................................................14

4.2.3. Bijkomende processen.........................................................................14

A. Generalisatie........................................................................................ 14

B. Ontsnappingsgedrag........................................................................... 14

C. Vermijdingsgedrag............................................................................... 15

D. Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid.................................................................15

E. Het ritsluitingseffect............................................................................. 15

4.2.4. Het gebruik van operante conditionering in opvoeding, onderwijs en
hulpverlening................................................................................................. 15

A. Bekrachtiging....................................................................................... 15

B. Shaping of succesieve approximatie...................................................15

C. Prompting, nudging en fading.............................................................15

D. Extinctie of uitdoving...........................................................................15

E. Token economy.................................................................................... 16

4.2.5. Combinatie klassieke en operante conditionering................................16

4.2.6. Sociaal leren......................................................................................... 16




1.UITGANGSPUNTEN EN BASISBEGRIPPEN

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