STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
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Spots of color near the surface of a jadeite boulder, where the skin is thin enough to see through,
are called - Answer>>> show points
In opal, a pattern of large, distinct, usually rectangular patches of play-of-color with edges that
touch each other is called - Answer>>> harlequin
Which characteristic easily distinguishes colorless zircon from diamond and synthetic cubic
zirconia - Answer>>> strong doubling
The most expensive variety of tourmaline - Answer>>> paraiba
Which of the following have inclusions and growth structures that might closely resemble
natural rubies - Answer>>> flux and hydrothermal synthetics
A characteristic or irregularity confined to the surface of a polished gemstone is a - Answer>>>
blemish
Inclusions are important to gemologists because they - Answer>>> can help separate natural
from synthetic gems
The most valuable tone and saturation for a ruby are - Answer>>> medium to medium-dark tone
and vivid saturation
Corundum can only form in an environment that is low in - Answer>>> silicon
The rubies found in the mountains of Tajikistan. Afghanistan, and Pakistan are all - Answer>>>
marble-hosted
A deposit where gems are found in the rock that where they formed is called - Answer>>>
primary deposit
Which is a key locality for hydrothermal gems? - Answer>>> Ouro Preto, Brazil
,The finest aquamarine color is moderately strong - Answer>>> medium-dark blue to slightly
greenish blue
Natural pink, red, and violet-to-purple colors in topaz are caused by - Answer>>> chromium
The term "precious topaz" is used for - Answer>>> orange-to-yellow stones
What source emerged as a leading producer of small, commercial-quality aquamarine in the
1990's - Answer>>> china
The color of imperial topaz is - Answer>>> reddish orange to orange-red
Most aquamarine had it's color improved by - Answer>>> heat
In order to attain a treated pink color, yellow to reddish brown topaz must contain - Answer>>>
chromium
Heat and pressure transform limestone into - Answer>>> marble
which gem form by metamophosis - Answer>>> tanzanite
Most gemstones form in the - Answer>>> continental crust
kunzite is most often associated with - Answer>>> tourmaline and beryl in pegmatites
how heavy an object is in relation to its size - Answer>>> density
A two-phase inclusion is a cavity in a gem that's typically filled with a - Answer>>> liquid and a
gas
which type of twinning is caused by environmental change after a gem forms - Answer>>>
polysynthetic
which element caused red in ruby and green in emerald - Answer>>> chromium
A unit cell defines a mineral's - Answer>>> basic identity
which type of twinning looks as if two crystal halves are mirror images - Answer>>> contact
twinning
crystals that grow in a flux that is highly saturated with the necessary elements tend to be - -
Answer>>> small
, which is classified in the orthorhombic crystal system - Answer>>> topaz
Which gems are cryptocrystalline aggregates? - Answer>>> Chalcedony and turquoise
Atoms in a gem that aren't part of its essential chemical composition are called - Answer>>>
trace elements
Many fashioned rubies have shallow proportions because they're cut from - Answer>>> flattened
crystals
Rough spinel often occurs as - Answer>>> twinned crystals
Needles of actinolite found in emerald are classified as - Answer>>> inclusions
which aggregates crystals are visible only under very high magnification - Answer>>>
cryptocrystalline
the trace elements that cause corundum's blue are - Answer>>> iron and titanium
what element does chromium substitute for to cause ruby's red - Answer>>> aluminium
In many blue sapphires, the intervalence charge transfer that causes the color is between -
Answer>>> iron and titanium
The pattern of dark vertical lines or bands shown by certain gems when viewed through a
spectroscope is called - Answer>>> absorption spectrum
the process where electrons that selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between
neighboring impurity ions is known as - Answer>>> charge transfer
what element causes the color of both alamandine and peridot - Answer>>> iron
the best known and most valuable chatoyant gems is a cat's eye - Answer>>> chrysoberyl
which components of a transition element's atom can produce color in gems - Answer>>>
electrons
which element causes the finest reds and greenest greens in gemstones - Answer>>> chromium
When a gem's crystal structure splits light into two rays that each travel at a slightly different
speed and direction, it's called - Answer>>> double refraction