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WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST
2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 365 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+
structured data - ......ANSWER........Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use,
and information generation
structured query language (SQL) - ......ANSWER........A powerful and flexible relational
database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and
table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and data administration, and
query the database to extract useful information
Unstructured data - ......ANSWER........Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in
the format in which it was collected
Website - ......ANSWER........Refers to the web server and the collection of web pages
stored on the local hard disk of the server computer
Workgroup database - ......ANSWER........A multiuser database that usually supports fewer
than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization
World wide web (WWW or the web) - ......ANSWER........Worldwide network collection of
specially formatted and interconnected documents known as web pages
XML database - ......ANSWER........A database system that stores and manages semi
structured XML data
File structure - ......ANSWER........The format that data is arranged and stored
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Flat files - ......ANSWER........Files having no internal hierarchy
Heap files - ......ANSWER........Files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely
identified by a record ID which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that ID
Index files - ......ANSWER........Files that store a list of lookup field values from a data file
Hashed files - ......ANSWER........Files that are encrypted using hash functions that convert
data consisting of various formats into numeric values
Data management - ......ANSWER........The discipline that focuses on the proper
generation, storage, and retrieval of data
Distributed database - ......ANSWER........Supports data across multiple sites
General purpose database - ......ANSWER........Contains a wide variety of data used in
multiple disciplines
Business intelligence - ......ANSWER........A comprehensive approach to capture and
process business data with the purpose of generating information to support business
decision making
Semi-structured data - ......ANSWER........Data that is already processed to some extent
Extensible markup language (XML) - ......ANSWER........Used to represent and manipulate
data elements in a textual format
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Data dictionary management - ......ANSWER........Removes structural and data
dependency and provides the user with data abstraction. The DBMS uses this function to
look up the required data component structures and relationships
Data transformation and presentation - ......ANSWER........Exists to transform any data
entered required data structures. By using this function, the DBMS can determine the
difference between logical and physical data formats
Security management - ......ANSWER........Sets rules that determine specific users that are
allowed to access the database. This function also sets restraints on what specific data
any user can see or manage
Data modeling - ......ANSWER........The process of creating a specific data model for a
determined problem domain
Problem domain - ......ANSWER........A clearly defined area within the real-world
environment, with a well-defined scope and boundaries that will be systematically
addressed
Data model - ......ANSWER........A representation, usually graphic, of a complex "real-
world" data structure. Used in the database design phase of the database life cycle. It
represents data structures and their characteristics, relations, constraints,
transformations, and other constructs with the purpose of supporting a specific problem
domain. A blueprint with all the instructions to build a database that will meet all end-user
requirements.
Basic building blocks of all data models - ......ANSWER........Constraints, attributes,
relationships, entities (data models CARE!)
Entity - ......ANSWER........A person, place, thing, concept, or event for which data can be
sored
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Attribute - ......ANSWER........A characteristic of an entity or object. It has a name and a
data type.
Relationship - ......ANSWER........An association between entities
Constraint - ......ANSWER........A restriction placed on data, usually expressed in the form
of rules
One-to-one (1:) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when a
single record in the first table is related to only one record in the second table, and a single
record in the second table is related to only one record in the first table
One-to-many (1:M) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when a
single record in the first single record in the first table can be related to one or more
records in the second table, but a single record in the second table can be related to only
one record in the first table.
Many-to-many (M:M) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when
a single record in the first table can be related to one or more records in the second table
and a single record in the second table can be related to one or more records in the first
table.
Business rule - ......ANSWER........A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within
an organization.
Hierarchical model - ......ANSWER........An early database model whose basic concepts
and characteristics formed the basis for subsequent database development. It is based on
an upside-down tree structure in which each record is called a segment. The top record is
the root segment. Each segment has a 1:M relationship to the segment directly below it.
WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST
2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 365 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+
structured data - ......ANSWER........Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use,
and information generation
structured query language (SQL) - ......ANSWER........A powerful and flexible relational
database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and
table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and data administration, and
query the database to extract useful information
Unstructured data - ......ANSWER........Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in
the format in which it was collected
Website - ......ANSWER........Refers to the web server and the collection of web pages
stored on the local hard disk of the server computer
Workgroup database - ......ANSWER........A multiuser database that usually supports fewer
than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization
World wide web (WWW or the web) - ......ANSWER........Worldwide network collection of
specially formatted and interconnected documents known as web pages
XML database - ......ANSWER........A database system that stores and manages semi
structured XML data
File structure - ......ANSWER........The format that data is arranged and stored
,2 of 39
Flat files - ......ANSWER........Files having no internal hierarchy
Heap files - ......ANSWER........Files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely
identified by a record ID which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that ID
Index files - ......ANSWER........Files that store a list of lookup field values from a data file
Hashed files - ......ANSWER........Files that are encrypted using hash functions that convert
data consisting of various formats into numeric values
Data management - ......ANSWER........The discipline that focuses on the proper
generation, storage, and retrieval of data
Distributed database - ......ANSWER........Supports data across multiple sites
General purpose database - ......ANSWER........Contains a wide variety of data used in
multiple disciplines
Business intelligence - ......ANSWER........A comprehensive approach to capture and
process business data with the purpose of generating information to support business
decision making
Semi-structured data - ......ANSWER........Data that is already processed to some extent
Extensible markup language (XML) - ......ANSWER........Used to represent and manipulate
data elements in a textual format
,3 of 39
Data dictionary management - ......ANSWER........Removes structural and data
dependency and provides the user with data abstraction. The DBMS uses this function to
look up the required data component structures and relationships
Data transformation and presentation - ......ANSWER........Exists to transform any data
entered required data structures. By using this function, the DBMS can determine the
difference between logical and physical data formats
Security management - ......ANSWER........Sets rules that determine specific users that are
allowed to access the database. This function also sets restraints on what specific data
any user can see or manage
Data modeling - ......ANSWER........The process of creating a specific data model for a
determined problem domain
Problem domain - ......ANSWER........A clearly defined area within the real-world
environment, with a well-defined scope and boundaries that will be systematically
addressed
Data model - ......ANSWER........A representation, usually graphic, of a complex "real-
world" data structure. Used in the database design phase of the database life cycle. It
represents data structures and their characteristics, relations, constraints,
transformations, and other constructs with the purpose of supporting a specific problem
domain. A blueprint with all the instructions to build a database that will meet all end-user
requirements.
Basic building blocks of all data models - ......ANSWER........Constraints, attributes,
relationships, entities (data models CARE!)
Entity - ......ANSWER........A person, place, thing, concept, or event for which data can be
sored
, 4 of 39
Attribute - ......ANSWER........A characteristic of an entity or object. It has a name and a
data type.
Relationship - ......ANSWER........An association between entities
Constraint - ......ANSWER........A restriction placed on data, usually expressed in the form
of rules
One-to-one (1:) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when a
single record in the first table is related to only one record in the second table, and a single
record in the second table is related to only one record in the first table
One-to-many (1:M) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when a
single record in the first single record in the first table can be related to one or more
records in the second table, but a single record in the second table can be related to only
one record in the first table.
Many-to-many (M:M) relationship - ......ANSWER........Exists between a pair of tables when
a single record in the first table can be related to one or more records in the second table
and a single record in the second table can be related to one or more records in the first
table.
Business rule - ......ANSWER........A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within
an organization.
Hierarchical model - ......ANSWER........An early database model whose basic concepts
and characteristics formed the basis for subsequent database development. It is based on
an upside-down tree structure in which each record is called a segment. The top record is
the root segment. Each segment has a 1:M relationship to the segment directly below it.
