NURS3715 Clinical Integration-midterm Questions with
Correct answers
What is a peripheral catheter? - ✔✔catheter inserted into the vein in the hand, arm, food, leg, and
scalp (newborns)
What is a central catheter? - ✔✔Catheter that is inserted into the jugular or subclavian vein
What is a PICC line? - ✔✔peripherally inserted central catheter that is inserted into a peripheral
vein
What is an isotonic solution? - ✔✔same osmolarity as blood; increases the intravascular volume
When would you use an isotonic solution? - ✔✔for hypotension, hypovolemia, or vomiting
What are the kinds of isotonic solutions? - ✔✔N/S; 5% dextrose; ringers lactate
What is a hypotonic solution? - ✔✔lower osmolarity than blood; fluid moves from the
intravascular space into the interstitial and intracellular space
When do you use a hypotonic solution? - ✔✔for cellular dehydration
-> hypernatremia
->fluid volume maintenance
-> post-op clients
What type of solution would you use for fluid resuscitation? - ✔✔lactated ringers
What types of solutions are used to expand volume, dilute medications, and keep the veins open?
- ✔✔NS, 0.9%, NaCl
What type of solution has the same osmolarity as body fluid? - ✔✔Isotonic
What type of solution is used for sodium and volume replacement? - ✔✔D5 1/2 NS; D5N5
(sugar solution)
Why don't you want to give D5W to infant or head injury patients? - ✔✔It may cause cerebral
edema
What are the most commonly used peripheral IV sites? - ✔✔basillic, cephalic & metacarpal
How often should you change IV solutions with additives? - ✔✔every 24 hours
How often should you change IV solutions without additives? - ✔✔every 72-96 hours
, What size gauge should you select for a flow rate of 300ml/min? - ✔✔14G
What size gauge should you select for a flow rate of 12ml/min? - ✔✔26G
Where should you apply the tourniquet when preparing to insert an IV? - ✔✔10-15cm above the
selected site
How long should you allow the site to dry once it has been swabbed with an antiseptic wipe? -
✔✔30 seconds-but up to 2 minutes
Once there is blood flashback in the IV and you have removed the tourniquet, how much should
you advance the needle? - ✔✔another 2-3 mm
What is infiltration? - ✔✔leakage of IV fluid into the surrounding tissue-> caused by
dislodgement of the catheter
What does swelling around the site, coolness of the skin;sluggish IV rate; and no flashback of
blood indicate? - ✔✔Infiltration
how should you treat infiltration - ✔✔discontinue IV; warm compress; restart IV; and notify
doctor if unable to restart
What is a hematoma? - ✔✔bruising and swelling around the insertion site
What causes a hematoma? - ✔✔pushing the needle through the vein; discontinuing an IV
without applying pressure; tourniquet applied to recent insertion site
What should you do if a patient develops a hematoma? - ✔✔remove IV; sterile dressing over the
insertion site; pressure dressing may be needed; elevate the limb
What is phlebitis? - ✔✔inflammation of the vein?
What causes phlebitis? - ✔✔contaminated equipment;difficult insertion, duration of the
IV;irritation from meds; too large of a cannula; poor technique
What should you do if a patient develops phlebitis? - ✔✔discontinue infusion & remove
catheter; apply warm compression; continue to monitor
What are some signs and symptoms associated with phlebitis? - ✔✔pain, redness & warmth
along the course of the vein; edema & hardness over site; sluggish infusion
What is thrombosis? - ✔✔formation of a clot
Correct answers
What is a peripheral catheter? - ✔✔catheter inserted into the vein in the hand, arm, food, leg, and
scalp (newborns)
What is a central catheter? - ✔✔Catheter that is inserted into the jugular or subclavian vein
What is a PICC line? - ✔✔peripherally inserted central catheter that is inserted into a peripheral
vein
What is an isotonic solution? - ✔✔same osmolarity as blood; increases the intravascular volume
When would you use an isotonic solution? - ✔✔for hypotension, hypovolemia, or vomiting
What are the kinds of isotonic solutions? - ✔✔N/S; 5% dextrose; ringers lactate
What is a hypotonic solution? - ✔✔lower osmolarity than blood; fluid moves from the
intravascular space into the interstitial and intracellular space
When do you use a hypotonic solution? - ✔✔for cellular dehydration
-> hypernatremia
->fluid volume maintenance
-> post-op clients
What type of solution would you use for fluid resuscitation? - ✔✔lactated ringers
What types of solutions are used to expand volume, dilute medications, and keep the veins open?
- ✔✔NS, 0.9%, NaCl
What type of solution has the same osmolarity as body fluid? - ✔✔Isotonic
What type of solution is used for sodium and volume replacement? - ✔✔D5 1/2 NS; D5N5
(sugar solution)
Why don't you want to give D5W to infant or head injury patients? - ✔✔It may cause cerebral
edema
What are the most commonly used peripheral IV sites? - ✔✔basillic, cephalic & metacarpal
How often should you change IV solutions with additives? - ✔✔every 24 hours
How often should you change IV solutions without additives? - ✔✔every 72-96 hours
, What size gauge should you select for a flow rate of 300ml/min? - ✔✔14G
What size gauge should you select for a flow rate of 12ml/min? - ✔✔26G
Where should you apply the tourniquet when preparing to insert an IV? - ✔✔10-15cm above the
selected site
How long should you allow the site to dry once it has been swabbed with an antiseptic wipe? -
✔✔30 seconds-but up to 2 minutes
Once there is blood flashback in the IV and you have removed the tourniquet, how much should
you advance the needle? - ✔✔another 2-3 mm
What is infiltration? - ✔✔leakage of IV fluid into the surrounding tissue-> caused by
dislodgement of the catheter
What does swelling around the site, coolness of the skin;sluggish IV rate; and no flashback of
blood indicate? - ✔✔Infiltration
how should you treat infiltration - ✔✔discontinue IV; warm compress; restart IV; and notify
doctor if unable to restart
What is a hematoma? - ✔✔bruising and swelling around the insertion site
What causes a hematoma? - ✔✔pushing the needle through the vein; discontinuing an IV
without applying pressure; tourniquet applied to recent insertion site
What should you do if a patient develops a hematoma? - ✔✔remove IV; sterile dressing over the
insertion site; pressure dressing may be needed; elevate the limb
What is phlebitis? - ✔✔inflammation of the vein?
What causes phlebitis? - ✔✔contaminated equipment;difficult insertion, duration of the
IV;irritation from meds; too large of a cannula; poor technique
What should you do if a patient develops phlebitis? - ✔✔discontinue infusion & remove
catheter; apply warm compression; continue to monitor
What are some signs and symptoms associated with phlebitis? - ✔✔pain, redness & warmth
along the course of the vein; edema & hardness over site; sluggish infusion
What is thrombosis? - ✔✔formation of a clot
