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What is the trajectory of Germany's Economy?

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This report evaluates Germany’s macroeconomic performance as a G20 nation, focusing on Real GDP, consumption, investment, government expenditure, net exports, and interest rates over the past two decades. Germany, Europe’s largest economy and the fourth largest globally, plays a central role in global trade and stability. The analysis applies Keynesian theory and the IS-LM framework to assess how fiscal and monetary policy interventions shape economic equilibrium. Germany’s economy has demonstrated resilience, with moderate growth driven by its strong industrial base and export sector. However, external shocks such as the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic triggered contractions in GDP, consumption, and investment, while net exports temporarily declined before recovering. Fiscal policies, including tax cuts and stimulus spending, shifted the IS curve rightward, supporting recovery, while the ECB’s monetary easing through liquidity injections and low interest rates shifted the LM curve downward, encouraging investment and consumption. The report concludes that while Germany’s trends broadly align with Keynesian theory, high savings rates and ECB-driven monetary policy limit the IS-LM model’s accuracy. Effective long-term growth will depend on balancing fiscal support with structural reforms and external demand stability.

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Institution
London South Bank University (LSBU)
Module
Economics (ECON)









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Institution
London South Bank University (LSBU)
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Module
Economics (ECON)
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Uploaded on
September 8, 2025
Number of pages
13
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Other
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Macroeconomic modelling




Word count : 2100
Due Date: March 31st, 2025

, Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Literature review....................................................................................................................................3
Real GDP............................................................................................................................................3
Personal Consumption.......................................................................................................................4
Gross Capital Formation.....................................................................................................................5
Government Expenditure..................................................................................................................5
Net exports........................................................................................................................................6
Policy interest....................................................................................................................................6
Theoretical Application..........................................................................................................................7
Fiscal Policy Intervention...................................................................................................................8
Monetary Policy Intervention............................................................................................................9
Discussion............................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................11
Bibliography.........................................................................................................................................12

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